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The Old Tatar (İske imlâ: يسكى تاتار تلى, translit. Tatar: иске татар теле, romanized: İske Tatar Tele,[1] Volga Turki; Bashkir: Урал-Волга буйы төрки теле[2]) was a literary language used by some ethnic groups of the Volga-Ural region (Tatars and others) from the Middle Ages till the 19th century.

Old Tatar
Region	Volga region
Ethnicity	Volga Tatars, Bashkirs
Language family	Turkic Common Turkic Kipchak Kipchak–Bulgar Old Tatar
Early form	Kipchak language
Writing system	Arabic alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
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Old Tatar is a member of the Kipchak (or Northwestern) group of Turkic languages, although it is partly derived from the ancient Bulgar language (the first poem, considered to be written by Qol Ghali in Old Tatar dates back to Volga Bulgaria's epoch). It included many Persian and Arabic loans.

In its written form the language was spelled uniformly among different ethnic groups, speaking different Turkic languages of the Kipchak group, but pronunciation differed from one people to another, approximating to the spoken language, making this written form universal for different languages. The main reason for this universal usage was that the principal differences between the languages of the Kipchak group are in the pronunciation of the vowels, which was not adequately represented by the Arabic script.

The language formerly used the Arabic script and later its variant İske imlâ. The Old Tatar Language is a language of Idel-Ural poetry and literature. With the Ottoman Turkish, Azeri, Kipchak,[3] Khaqani Turkic[4] and Chagatai, they were the only Turkic literary languages used in the Middle Ages. It was actively used in publishing until 1905, when the first Tatar newspaper started being published in modern Tatar, which until then had been used only in a spoken form.

References

Sources

• "İske Tatar ädäbi tele/Иске татар әдәби теле". Tatar Encyclopaedia (in Tatar). Kazan: The Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.

See also

• Turki
• Bashkir language
• Tatar language

На других языках

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- [en] Old Tatar

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[ru] Старотатарский язык

Старотатарский язык (поволжский тюрки, урало-поволжский тюрки, старобашкирский язык[1]; тат. иске татар әдәби теле, iske tatar ädäbi tele, ایسكی تاتار تلی, башк. Урал—Волга буйы төрки теле, иҫке башҡорт әҙәби теле[2]) — тюркский литературный язык, на котором писали с XIV по XX вв., использовавшийся различными народами. Сформировался в послемонгольский период как ответвление от языка тюрки. Несмотря на наличие нескольких региональных вариантов, существовала их общность, обусловленная близостью тюркских языков друг другу; использованием арабского письма, в котором гласные не находили полного отражения в графике, и поэтому одно и то же слово в различных регионах могло читаться по-разному, и обилием арабо-персидских лексических заимствований.

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