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Khorasani Turkic (خراسان تركچىسى, pronounced [xorɑsɑn tyrktʃesi]) is an Oghuz Turkic language spoken in the North Khorasan Province and the Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran. Nearly all Khorasani Turkic speakers are also bilingual in Persian.[4]

Khorasani Turkic
خراسان تركچىسى
Pronunciation	[xorɑsɑn tyrktʃesi]
Native to	Iran
Region	Greater Khorasan
Native speakers	400,000[1] 886,000 (2014)[2] over 1,000,000[3]
Language family	Turkic Common Turkic Oghuz Eastern Oghuz Khorasani Turkic
Writing system	Persian alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3	kmz
Glottolog	khor1269
Khorasani Turkic is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
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Geographic distribution

Khorasani Turkic is spoken in the Iranian provinces of North Khorasan near Bojnord and Razavi Khorasan near Sabzevar, Quchan. The Oghuz dialect spoken in Western Uzbekistan is sometimes considered a dialect of Khorasani Turkic.

Dialects

Khorasani Turkic is split into North, South and West dialects. The northern dialect is spoken in North Khorasan near Quchan; the southern in Soltanabad, near Sabzevar; the western, around Bojnord.

Classification and related languages

Khorasani Turkic belongs to the Oghuz group of Turkic languages, which also includes Turkish, Azerbaijani, Gagauz, Balkan Gagauz Turkish, Turkmen and Salar.

Khorasani Turkic was first classified as a separate dialect by Iranian Azerbaijani linguist Javad Heyat in the book Tārikh-e zabān o lahcayā-ye Türki (History of the Turkic dialects).[5] According to some linguists, it should be considered intermediate linguistically between Azerbaijani and Turkmen, although it is sufficiently distinct not to be considered a dialect of either.[6]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p	t	t͡ʃ	k	q
	voiced	b	d	d͡ʒ	ɡ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s	ʃ	x		h
	voiced	v	z	ʒ	ɣ
Flap			ɾ
Approximant			l	j

Vowels

Vowels

	Front		Back
	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded
Close	i	y	ɯ	u
Mid	e	ø		o
Open	æ		ɑ	ɒ

The open back vowel is rounded when followed by /u/ or /i/: muxabbat love /muxɒbbɑt/, insan human /insɒn/, but yoldaşlık friendship /joldɑʃlɯk/. It can also be rounded by a following long /o/. This may not happen for all speakers, and plurals never have any rounding.

Morphology

Nouns

Pluralization

Pluralization is marked on nouns with the suffix /-lar/, which has the two forms /-lar/ and /-lær/, depending on vowel harmony. Plural /ɑ/ is never rounded, even when it follows /u/ or /i/.

Case

Nouns in Khorasani Turkic take a number of case endings that change based on vowel harmony and whether they follow a vowel or a consonant:

Case

	After Vowels	After Consonants
Nominative	No Ending
Genitive	niŋ/nin	iŋ/in
Dative	ja/jæ	a/æ
Accusative	ni/nɯ	i/ɯ
Locative	da/dæ
Ablative	dan/dæn
Instrumental	nan/næn

Possession

Possession is marked with a suffix on the possessed noun.

	Singular	Plural
1st Person	(I)m	(I)mIz
2nd Person	(I)ŋ	(I)ŋIz
3rd Person	(s)I	lArI

Pronouns

Khorasani Turkic has six personal pronouns. Occasionally, personal pronouns take different case endings from regular nouns.

	Singular	Plural
1st Person	mæn	bɯz
2nd Person	sæn	siz
3rd Person	o	olar

Verbs

Verbs are declined for tense, aspect, mood, person, and number. The infinitive form of the verb ends in -max.

Examples

Excerpt from Tulu (1989) p. 90

Translation	IPA	In Latin Alphabet	Arabic script (Iran)
Thus, there was a padishah named Ziyad.	ɑl ɣəssa bir zijæːd pæːdiʃæːhiː bæːɾɨdɨ	Al ğässa bir Ziyäd pädişähi bärıdı	.ال غسا بیر زياد پدیشهی بـهریدی
Almighty God had given him no son.	xodɒːʷændi æːlæm ona hit͡ʃ ɔɣul ataː elæmɑmiʃdi	Xodavändi äläm ona hiç oğul ata elämamişdi.	.خوداوندی آلم اونا هیچ اوغول اتا ایلهمامیشدی
There he spoke to his vizier: "O Vizier, I have no son. What shall I do about it?"	bæːdæn vaziːɾæ dədi, ej vaziːɾ, mændæ ki ɔɣul joxdɨ, mæn næ t͡ʃaːɾæ ejlem	Bädän vazirä dedi: "Ey vazir, mändä ki oğul yoxdı. Män nä çarä eylem?"	بدن وازیره دهدی: «ای وازیر, منده کی اوغول یوخدی. من نه چاره ایولیم»؟
The vizier said: "Ruler of the whole world, what will you do with this possession?"	vaziːɾ dedi, pɒːdiʃaː-i ɢɨblæ-ji ɒːlæm, sæn bu mɒːlɨ-æmwɒːlɨ næjlijæsæn	Vazir dedi: "Padişai qıbläyi aläm, sän bu malıämvalı näyliyäsän?"	وازیر دهدی: «پادیشای قیبلنهیی آلم, سن بو مالیموالی نیلیسن»؟

Writing System

Khorasani Turkic is not oftenly written, but it may be with the Persian alphabet in the Perso-Arabic script.[7]

Letter	Romanization	IPA
ا	a	/ɑ/, /æ/, /o/, /Ø/
ب	b	/b/
پ	p	/p/
ت	t	/t/
ث	(s)	/s/
ج	x	/d͡ʒ/
چ	č	/t͡ʃ/
ح	(h)	/h/
خ	x	/x/
د	d	/d/
ذ	(z)	/z/
ر	r	/r/
ز	z	/z/
ژ	ž	/ʒ/
س	s	/s/
ش	ş	/ʃ/
ص	(s)	/s/
ض	(d)	/d/
ط	(t)	/t/
ظ	(z)	/z/
ع	ə, ‘	/æ/, /Ø/
غ	ǧ	/ɣ/
ف	f	/f/
ق	q	/q/
ک	k	/k/
گ	g	/ɡ/
ل	l	/l/
م	m	/m/
ن	n	/n~ŋ/
و	w	/v~w/, /o/, /ø/, /u/, /y/
ه	h	/h/
ی	y, ı, i, e	/j/, /ɯ/, /i/, /e/
ء	ʿ	/ʔ/
نگ	ng	/ŋ(g)/

References

Tulu, Sultan (1989). Chorasantürkische Materialien aus Kalāt bei Esfarāyen. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag. ISBN 3-922968-88-0.

Doerfer, Gerhard; Hesche, Wolfram (1993). Chorasantürkisch: Wörterlisten, Kurzgrammatiken, Indices. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-03320-7.

See also

• Bayat (tribe)

External links

На других языках

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[de] Chorasan-türkische Sprache

Die chorasan-türkische Sprache (chorasan-türkisch Xorasan Türkçesi, persisch تركي خراساني Torkī Chorāsānī) ist eine im Nordosten des Iran gesprochene Turksprache. Sie gehört zu den oghusischen Sprachen. Die Zahl der Muttersprachler betrug laut Doerfer (1993) etwa 1.000.000.

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- [en] Khorasani Turkic

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[es] Idioma turco de Jorasán

El idioma turco de Jorasán (Xorasan Türkçesi, Persa: تركي خراساني Torki Khorasani) es un idioma túrquico. Se habla en el norte de Jorasán en Irán. Es posible que el dialecto oghuz del idioma uzbeko es un dialecto del turco de Jorasán.

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[fr] Turc du Khorassan

Le turc du Khorassan est une langue turque parlée en Iran, dans la province du Khorassan, au nord d'une ligne formée par les villes de Sabzevar, Nichapur et Meched. Les 400 000 locuteurs constituent 50 à 70 % de la population de cette partie de la province[2].

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[it] Lingua khorasani

La lingua khorasani o turco khorasani (Xorasan Türkçesi, ترکی خراسانی, Torki-e Khorasani), o anche Turco Qizilbash, è una Varietà (linguistica) della Famiglia linguistica delle Lingue turche.

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[ru] Хорасанско-тюркский язык

Хораса́нско-тю́ркский язы́к (азерб. خوراسان تورکجه‌سی Xorasan türkcəsi) — язык хорасанских тюрков. Входит в группу тюркских языков, распространённых в Иране, носители которого сконцентрированы на северо-востоке этой страны, называемый Хорасаном. Родной и основной язык хорасанских тюрков.

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