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The Yalë language, also known as Nagatman, is spoken in northwestern Papua New Guinea. It may be related to the Kwomtari languages, but Palmer (2018) classifies it as a language isolate.[2]

Yalë
Nagatman
Native toPapua New Guinea
RegionSandaun Province
Native speakers
(600 cited 1991)[1]
Language family
Senu River or language isolate
  • Guriaso–Yale
    • Yalë
Language codes
ISO 639-3nce
Glottologyale1246
ELPYalë
Coordinates: 3.744917°S 141.471593°E / -3.744917; 141.471593 (Nagatiman)
Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 
Download coordinates as: KML

There were 600 speakers in 1991 and 30 monolinguals at an unrecorded date.[1] Yalë is spoken in Nagatiman (3.744917°S 141.471593°E / -3.744917; 141.471593 (Nagatiman)) and several other villages of Green River Rural LLG in Sandaun Province.[3][4] Foley (2018) reports a total of six villages.[5]

Yalë is in extensive trade and contact with Busa, a likely language isolate spoken just to the south. Yalë has complex verbal inflection and SOV word order.[5]


Pronouns


Pronouns are:[5]

sgpl
1 bose ~ sebo
2 juso ~ sobo
3 bu

Grammar


Verbal conjugation affixes are:[5]

Most nouns are not pluralized, and only nouns with human or animate reference or with high local salience may be pluralized using the suffix -rɛ ~ -re:[5]

Other plural nouns are irregular:[5]


Vocabulary


The following basic vocabulary words are from Conrad and Dye (1975),[6] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[7]

glossYadë
headʌsu
hairʌsʌǏahuᵽa
earąhuǏuʔ
eyena:ba
noseyɛlu
tongueaǏižiʔ
lousemibaʔ
dogkaliʔ
piggǏɛǏiʔ
birdpʋlɛʔ
eggkah
bloodwi:nuʔ
boneɛlɛ:b̶u
skinžib̶uʔ
breastma:ba
treeti:
womanmɩsɛʔ
watertuʔ
fireahuz̨iʔ
stoneanɩziʔ
road, pathařʌgɛʔ
eathiɛǏɛ
onežuwaʔ
twoteǏɛʔ

Further reading



References


  1. Yalë at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Palmer, Bill (2018). "Language families of the New Guinea Area". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 1–20. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
  3. Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Papua New Guinea languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
  4. United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange. 1.31.9.
  5. Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
  6. Conrad, R. and Dye, W. "Some Language Relationships in the Upper Sepik Region of Papua New Guinea". In Conrad, R., Dye, W., Thomson, N. and Bruce Jr., L. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 18. A-40:1-36. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi:10.15144/PL-A40.1
  7. Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.



На других языках

- [en] Yalë language

[fr] Yale (langue papoue)

Le yale (ou yalë) est une langue papoue parlée en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, dans la province de Sandaun.

[ru] Яле

Яле (также: нагатман) — изолированный папуасский язык. Распространён в 6 деревнях округа Аманаб провинции Сандаун, на северо-западе Папуа — Новой Гвинеи. Число носителей составляет около 600 человек (1991 SIL), из которых только 5 % — монолингвы[1]. Характерный порядок слов: SOV.


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