Kanamarí, or Katukina-Kanamari, is a Katukinan language spoken by about 650 individuals in Amazonas, Brazil. It is considered endangered.

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese. (July 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Portuguese article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,375 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at [[:pt:Língua katukina-kanamari]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|pt|Língua katukina-kanamari}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

The two principal varieties, Kanamari (Canamarí) and Katukina (Catuquina), are mutually intelligible, and have both been confused with neighboring languages with the same or similar names.[2]

Synonyms and dialect names include Tshom-djapa, Tsohon-djapa, Wiri-dyapá, Pidá-dyapá, Kutiá-dyapá (Kadiu-diapa, Cutiadapa), Tucun-diapa, Bendiapa, Parawa.

Etymology

The term Katukina is derived from the Proto-Purus term *ka-tukanɨ, meaning ‘speaker of an indigenous language’.[3] As a result, it is used to refer to a few different unrelated languages belonging to separate language families, including Panoan and Arawakan:

• Katukina (Arawakan)
• Katukína (Panoan)
• Catuquinarú (unclassified)

Phonology

Consonants

An alveolar lateral consonant /l/ may be realized as a retroflex lateral [ɭ]. A velar nasal [ŋ] sound is often heard when following after nasal vowels. A glottal stop [ʔ] can be heard before word-initial vowels. A word-final /k/ may also sound unreleased [k̚].

Vowels

/i/ and /u/ may be realized as approximant sounds [j] and [w], when preceding another vowel.[4]

Grammar

The syntax of Kanamarí is characterized by ergative–absolutive alignment.[5] The absolutive argument (i.e. the subject of intransitive verbs and the object of transitive verbs) is unmarked for case, and usually appears following the verb phrase.

If the absolutive argument is a pronoun, it is represented by its free-standing form.

The ergative argument (i.e. the agent of transitive verbs) is marked for genitive case. If the agent is a pronoun, it is represented by a genitive prefix (as in no-ti paiko 'you killed grandfather' above). If the agent is a full noun, it is linked to the verb with the case marker na, which phonologically attaches to the verb:

References

• Queixalós, Francesc 2012. The Katukina-Kanamari antipassive. In: Gilles Authier and Katharina Haude (eds). Ergativity, Valency and Voice. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. (pp. 227–258)

External links

• Catuquina (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)

На других языках

[es] Idioma kanamarí

[ru] Канамари (дьяпанский язык)