lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageAkwáwa is a Tupi–Guarani dialect cluster spoken in Pará in western Brazil.
| Akwáwa |
|---|
| Native to | Brazil |
|---|
| Region | Pará |
|---|
| Ethnicity | Suruí do Pará, Asuriní, Parakanã |
|---|
Native speakers | (700 (1999)[1] to 1,500 cited 1995–2006)[2] |
|---|
Language family | |
|---|
|
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:
asu – Asuriní
mdz – Suruí
pak – Parakanã |
|---|
| Glottolog | tupi1284 |
|---|
| ELP | |
|---|
Dialects
There are three distinct dialects:[1]
- Asuriní (of Tocantins or Trocará), or Akwawa
- Suruí (of Tocantins or Pará), or Akewara
- Parakanã, Awaeté
Both the name Asuriní and Suruí are used for related peoples and their languages: Suruí of Jiparaná, Suruí of Rondônia, Asuriní of Xingú, etc.
Phonology
The following is the Parakanã dialect:[3]
Vowels
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
| Close |
i |
ɨ |
|
| Mid |
e |
|
o |
| Open |
|
a |
|
- Vowel sounds are realized as nasalized when preceding nasal consonants.
- /e/ can also be heard as [ɛ] when in stressed position.
- /ɨ/ can also be heard as [ə] when preceding a vowel.
- /a/ can be heard as back [ʌ] when in word-final position. In its nasal form, it is heard as back [ʌ̃].
- /o/ can be heard as [u] when in unstressed position.
Consonants
|
Labial |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
| plain |
lab. |
| Plosive |
p |
t |
tʃ |
k |
kʷ |
ʔ |
| Fricative |
β |
|
|
|
|
h |
| Nasal |
m |
n |
|
ŋ |
|
|
| Tap |
|
ɾ |
|
|
|
|
- /β/ can also be heard as a glide [w].
- /tʃ/ can be realized as a glide [j] in final position, and as voiced [dʒ] in intervocalic positions.
Notes
- Cheryl Jensen, 1999, "Tupí-Guaraní", in Dixon & Aikhenvald, The Amazonian Languages
- Asuriní at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Suruí at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Parakanã at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - Souza e Silva, Auristéa Caetana (1999). Aspectos da referência alternada em Parakanã. Universidade Federal do Pará.
Languages of Brazil |
|---|
| Official language | |
|---|
| Regional languages | |
|---|
Indigenous languages | | Arawakan | |
|---|
| Arawan | |
|---|
| Cariban | |
|---|
| Panoan | |
|---|
| Macro-Jê | |
|---|
| Nadahup | |
|---|
| Tupian | |
|---|
| Chapacuran | |
|---|
| Tukanoan | |
|---|
| Nambikwaran | |
|---|
| Others | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Interlanguages | |
|---|
| Sign languages | |
|---|
| Non-official | |
|---|
Tupian languages |
|---|
| Arikem | |
|---|
| Tupari | |
|---|
| Mondé | |
|---|
Puruborá– Ramarama | |
|---|
| Yuruna | |
|---|
| Munduruku | |
|---|
| Maweti–Guarani | | Tupi–Guarani | | Guarani (I) | |
|---|
| Guarayu (II) | |
|---|
| Tupi (III) | |
|---|
| Tenetehara (IV) | |
|---|
| Xingu (V) | |
|---|
| Kawahíb (VI) | |
|---|
| Kamayurá (VII) | |
|---|
| Northern (VIII) | |
|---|
|
|---|
|
|---|
| Proto-languages | |
|---|
Italics indicate extinct languages |
На других языках
- [en] Akwáwa language
[ru] Аквава
Аквава (Akwáwa) — диалектный континуум тупи-гуарани, распространённый в штате Пара в Бразилии.
Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.
Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
2019-2026
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии