lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageAkwáwa is a Tupi–Guarani dialect cluster spoken in Pará in western Brazil.
Akwáwa |
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Native to | Brazil |
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Region | Pará |
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Ethnicity | Suruí do Pará, Asuriní, Parakanã |
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Native speakers | (700 (1999)[1] to 1,500 cited 1995–2006)[2] |
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Language family | |
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ISO 639-3 | Variously:
asu – Asuriní
mdz – Suruí
pak – Parakanã |
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Glottolog | tupi1284 |
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ELP | |
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Dialects
There are three distinct dialects:[1]
- Asuriní (of Tocantins or Trocará), or Akwawa
- Suruí (of Tocantins or Pará), or Akewara
- Parakanã, Awaeté
Both the name Asuriní and Suruí are used for related peoples and their languages: Suruí of Jiparaná, Suruí of Rondônia, Asuriní of Xingú, etc.
Phonology
The following is the Parakanã dialect:[3]
Vowels
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
Close |
i |
ɨ |
|
Mid |
e |
|
o |
Open |
|
a |
|
- Vowel sounds are realized as nasalized when preceding nasal consonants.
- /e/ can also be heard as [ɛ] when in stressed position.
- /ɨ/ can also be heard as [ə] when preceding a vowel.
- /a/ can be heard as back [ʌ] when in word-final position. In its nasal form, it is heard as back [ʌ̃].
- /o/ can be heard as [u] when in unstressed position.
Consonants
|
Labial |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
plain |
lab. |
Plosive |
p |
t |
tʃ |
k |
kʷ |
ʔ |
Fricative |
β |
|
|
|
|
h |
Nasal |
m |
n |
|
ŋ |
|
|
Tap |
|
ɾ |
|
|
|
|
- /β/ can also be heard as a glide [w].
- /tʃ/ can be realized as a glide [j] in final position, and as voiced [dʒ] in intervocalic positions.
Notes
- Cheryl Jensen, 1999, "Tupí-Guaraní", in Dixon & Aikhenvald, The Amazonian Languages
- Asuriní at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Suruí at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Parakanã at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - Souza e Silva, Auristéa Caetana (1999). Aspectos da referência alternada em Parakanã. Universidade Federal do Pará.
Languages of Brazil |
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Official language | |
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Regional languages | |
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Indigenous languages | Arawakan | |
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Arawan | |
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Cariban | |
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Panoan | |
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Macro-Jê | |
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Nadahup | |
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Tupian | |
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Chapacuran | |
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Tukanoan | |
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Nambikwaran | |
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Others | |
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|
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Interlanguages | |
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Sign languages | |
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Non-official | |
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Tupian languages |
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Arikem | |
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Tupari | |
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Mondé | |
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Puruborá– Ramarama | |
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Yuruna | |
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Munduruku | |
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Maweti–Guarani | Tupi–Guarani | Guarani (I) | |
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Guarayu (II) | |
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Tupi (III) | |
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Tenetehara (IV) | |
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Xingu (V) | |
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Kawahíb (VI) | |
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Kamayurá (VII) | |
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Northern (VIII) | |
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Proto-languages | |
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Italics indicate extinct languages |
На других языках
- [en] Akwáwa language
[ru] Аквава
Аквава (Akwáwa) — диалектный континуум тупи-гуарани, распространённый в штате Пара в Бразилии.
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