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Karamanlı Turkish (Turkish: Karamanlı Türkçesi, Greek: Καραμανλήδικα, romanized: Karamanlídika) is a dialect of the Turkish language spoken by the Karamanlides. Although the official Ottoman Turkish was written in the Arabic script, but the Karamanlides used the Greek alphabet to write their form of Turkish. Karamanlı Turkish had its own literary tradition and produced numerous published works in print during the 19th century, some of them published by the British and Foreign Bible Society as well as by Evangelinos Misailidis in the Anatoli or Misailidis publishing house.[1][2]

Karamanlı Turkish
Karamanlıca - Karamanlı Türkçesi
Native to	Greece, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Romania, Turkey
Era	19th century; possibly maintained in the diaspora [citation needed]
Language family	Turkic Common Turkic Oghuz Western Oghuz Turkish Karamanlı Turkish
Writing system	Greek
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	kara1469

Karamanlı writers and speakers were expelled from Turkey as part of the Greek-Turkish population exchange in 1923. Some speakers preserved their language in the diaspora. The written form stopped being used immediately after Turkey adopted the Latin alphabet.

A fragment of a manuscript written in Karamanlı was also found in the Cairo Geniza.[3]

Sample Text

This section does not cite any sources. (June 2022)

The following sample text displays the text written in Greek & Latin script from the folk song Konyali, traditionally sung by the Karamanlides & Cappadocian Greeks.

Χάνι για τ̇α π̇ένιμ έλλι τ̇ίρεμ παστηρμάμ, παστηρμάμ; Κονιαλήτ̇αν τ̇ασ̇κασήνα π̇άστηρμαμ, βαι, βαι! Κονιαλήμ, γιο̇ρο̇! Γιο̇ρο̇ γιαβρούμ, γιο̇ρο̇! Ασλάν γιάρημ, γιο̇ρο̇! Αλτ̇ατήλαρ σένι, βερμετ̇ίλερ π̇ένι!

Hani ya da benim elli direm pastırmam, pastırmam? Konyalıdan daşkasına bastırmam vai, vai! Konyalım, yörö! Yörö yavrüm, yörö! Aşlan yarım, yörö! Aldatılar seni, vermediler beni!

Hey, hey, where is my 50 Dirhams of my pastirma, pastirma; I won’t let anyone prepare it (the pastirma) but my Konyali lover! Go on, my Konyali lover! Go for it baby, my beloved lion! You are deceived, they didn’t let you marry me!

Orthography

The Karamanli Turkish alphabet[4]

Greek letter	Latin equivalent	Pronunciation
Α	a	[a]
Π˙	b	[b]
ΔΖ	c	[d͡ʒ]
ΤΖ	ç	[t͡ʃ]
Δ/Τ˙	d	[d]
Ε	e	[e]
Φ	f	[f]
Γ	g	[g]
Γ/ΓΧ	ğ	[-/j]
Χ	h	[h]
Ι/Η	ı	[ɯ]
Ι	i	[i]
Κ/ξ/ΧΧ˙	k	[k/c]
Λ	l	[l]
Μ	m	[m]
Ν	n	[n]
Ο	o	[o]
Ο˙/ΙΟ/Ω	ö	[ø]
Π	p	[p]
Ρ	r	[r]
Σ/Ξ	s	[s]
Σ˙	ş	[ʃ]
Τ/Θ	t	[t]
ΟΥ	u	[u]
ΟΥ˙	ü	[y]
Β	v	[v]
Γ	y	[j]
Ζ	z	[z]

Media

There was a Karamanli Turkish newspaper, Anatoli, published from 1850 to 1922,[5] made by Evangelinos Misailidis. Other publications in Karamanli were Anatol Ahteri, Angeliaforos, Angeliaforos coçuklar içun, Şafak, and Terakki. The second and third were created by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Demetrius Nicolaides also applied to make his own Karamanli publication, Asya ("Asia"), but was denied; he instead made an Ottoman Turkish newspaper called Servet. Evangelina Baltia and Ayșe Kavak, authors of "Publisher of the newspaper Konstantinoupolis for half a century," wrote that they could find no information explaining why Nicolaides' proposal was turned down.[6]

Works and translations in Karamanli Turkish

Books and translations

Up to 500 works of literature are thought to have been printed in Karamanli.[2] One of the largest distributors of these works was the British and Foreign Bible Society which published numerous editions of the Old Testament and the New Testament.[2] A Karamanli author named Anastasios Karakioulaphis translated Aristotle's Physiognomica from Greek to Karamanli.[7] Other translations include Confucius' works and Xavier de Montepin's novels.[2] A great deal of books and works in the Karamanli dialect are preserved in the Centre of Asia Minor Studies in Athens, Greece.[8]

Inscriptions

Karamanli inscriptions have been found in many cemeteries in Turkey, most of them in Balıklı.[2] Many of these inscriptions often talk about the humble origins of unimportant craftsmen from central Anatolia. According to historian Richard Clogg, these inscriptions offer a "glimpse of a long past world of Greek and Turkish symbiosis".[2]

Sources

• Evangelia Balta, Karamanlı Yazınsal Mirasının Ocaklarında Madencilik, 2019, Yapı Kredi Yayınları. (in Turkish)
• —, 19. Yüzyıl Osmanlıca ve Karamanlıca Yayınlarda Ezop’un Hayatı ve Masalları (prep.), 2019, Libra Kitap.
• —, Karamanlıca Kitaplar Çözümlemeli Bibliyografya Cilt I: 1718-1839 (Karamanlıdıka Bibliographie Analytique Tome I: 1718-1839), 2018, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
• —, Gerçi Rum İsek de, Rumca Bilmez Türkçe Sözleriz: Karamanlılar ve Karamanlıca Edebiyat Üzerine Araştırmalar, 2012, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.

References

На других языках

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- [en] Karamanli Turkish

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[fr] Turc karamanli

Le turc karamanli (en turc : Karamanlı Türkçesi ou Karamanlıca) est une variété du turc de Turquie qui s'écrit avec l'alphabet grec. Avant la chute de l'Empire ottoman, cette langue était parlée par les Turcs orthodoxes vivant en Anatolie. Après la Grande catastrophe (l'expulsion des populations chrétiennes vers la Grèce), le turc karamanli disparaît de Turquie. En 2013, il existe toujours des locuteurs en Grèce[1].

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[ru] Караманлидский язык

Караманлидский (караманлийский) язык (тур. Karamanlı Türkçesi греч. Καραμανλήδικα) — язык (с точки зрения турецких лингвистов — диалект турецкого языка), на котором говорят караманлиды, этническая группа православно-христианского вероисповедания, изначально жившая на востоке Османской Турции (Каппадокия), но в XX в. переселённая в Грецию. В то время как османский язык пользовался арабским письмом, караманлиды использовали греческий алфавит для записи своей речи. По мнению ряда турецких историков, караманлиды происходили от тюрков, рано переселившихся на территорию Византии и принявших христианство ещё до османского завоевания (о чём говорит близость лексики караманлидского языка к туркменской). По мнению греческих историков, караманлиды это тюркизированные греки, так как при взятии Византийской Империи османами, во многих территориях Османской империи запрещалось говорить по гречески. Они должны были либо сохранить язык и стать мусульманами, либо отречься от языка. Этим способом греки-караманлиды смогли сохранить и веру и письменность. Этот факт подтверждает и то, что существуют греки из Грузии (Цалкинский район, Цинцкаро), которые до сих пор разговаривают на диалекте турецкого языка, но считавшие себя всегда греками. Их предки переселились в начале 19 века из Османской Империи (район Карс) в Грузию. Были и караманлиды, которые были православными христианами, но считали себя турками. Термин караманлиды, происходит от бейлика Караман.

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