lingvo.wikisort.org - Language

Yenish (French: Yeniche, German: Jenisch), is a variety of German spoken by the Yenish people, former nomads living mostly in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Alsace and other parts of France.

Yenish
Native to	Germany, Switzerland, Austria, France, Netherlands, and elsewhere
Ethnicity	Yenish
Native speakers	16,000 (2006)[1]
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic High German Yenish
Writing system	Latin (German alphabet)
Official status
Recognised minority language in	Switzerland[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3	yec
Glottolog	yeni1236

Components

Yenish has been documented since the 18th century. It is a jargon rather than an actual language; it consists of a significant number of unique specialized words, but does not have its own grammar or its own basic vocabulary.^{[citation needed]} Yenish speakers generally speak their local German dialect, enriched by the Yeniche vocabulary, which is derived in part from Rotwelsch, with influences from Yiddish, Romani, and other minority languages of the region.

The Yenish vocabulary contains many words of Romani and Yiddish (and through the latter route, Hebrew) origin; it also has many unusual metaphors and metonyms that replace the standard German words. The relationship between Yenish and standard German is comparable to the relationship between Cockney or Polari and standard English. Some original Yeniche words have become parts of standard German.

The Yenish were originally travelers, i.e. people with professions outside of mainstream society that required them to move from town to town, such as showpeople, tinkers, and door-to-door salesmen. Today, the Yenish jargon is only used in certain isolated locations, such as certain poor districts of Berlin, Münster, some Eifel villages, and Luxembourg.

Individual variants of the Yenish language can be quite distinct, and have names of their own, such as Masematte, Lepper Talp, Heenese Vlek, and others.

See also

• Lotegorisch

References

External links

• Wittich, Engelbert, and Günther, L., Die jenische Sprache, 1914

На других языках

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[de] Jenische Sprache

Jenisch ist eine Varietät der deutschen Sprache, linguistisch gesehen eine Sondersprache der Jenischen, das heißt von „fahrenden“ Bevölkerungsgruppen oder von deren ortsfesten Nachfahren.

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- [en] Yenish language

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[fr] Yéniche (langue)

La langue yéniche (en allemand : Jenische Sprache) est le sociolecte ou cryptolecte des Yéniches, c'est-à-dire de certains groupes marginalisés qui ont mené depuis le début du XVIIIe siècle une vie nomade ou semi-nomade en Allemagne et dans les pays avoisinants. La langue des Yéniches est appelé Taïtch.

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[ru] Енишский язык

Енишский язык или енишский жаргон — разновидность немецкого языка. На этом языке разговаривают ениши, особая этническая группа, представители которой живут преимущественно на территории Швейцарии. Имеет статус "языка без территориальной привязки"[1]. Данный жаргон испытал значительное влияние цыганского языка[2].

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