Tamang (Devanagari: तामाङ; tāmāng) is a term used to collectively refer to a dialect cluster spoken mainly in Nepal, Sikkim, West Bengal (Darjeeling) and North-Eastern India. It comprises Eastern Tamang, Northwestern Tamang, Southwestern Tamang, Eastern Gorkha Tamang, and Western Tamang. Lexical similarity between Eastern Tamang (which is regarded as the most prominent) and other Tamang languages varies between 81% to 63%. For comparison, lexical similarity between Spanish and Portuguese, is estimated at 89%.[4]
Sino-Tibetan dialect cluster
Tamang
तामाङ, རྟ་དམག་ / རྟ་མང་/
Nativeto
Nepal India Bhutan
Ethnicity
Tamang/Moormi
Native speakers
1.35 million in Nepal(2011 census)[1] 20,154 in India (2011 census)[2]
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Dialects
Ethnologue divides Tamang into the following varieties due to mutual unintelligibility.
Eastern Tamang: 759,000 in Nepal (2000 WCD). Population total all countries: 773,000. Sub-dialects are as follows.
Western Tamang: 323,000 (2000 WCD). Sub-dialects are as follows.
Trisuli (Nuwakot)
Rasuwa
Northwestern dialect of Western Tamang (Dhading) — separate ISO code. Population 55,000 (1991 census). Spoken in the central mountainous strip of Nuwakot District, Bagmati Province.
Southwestern dialect of Western Tamang
Eastern Gorkha Tamang: 4,000 (2000 WCD). Sub-dialects are as follows.
Kasigaon
Kerounja
The Tamang language is the most widely spoken Sino-Tibetan language in Nepal.
Geographical distribution
Ethnologue gives the following location information for the varieties of Tamang.
Eastern Tamang
Bagmati Province: Bhaktapur District, Chitwan District, Dolkha District, Kathmandu District, Kavrepalanchok District, Lalitpur District, Makwanpur District, eastern Nuwakot District, Ramechhap District, Sindhuli District and western Sindhupalchowk District
Province No. 1: Okhaldhunga District, western Khotang District, and Udayapur District
Southwestern Tamang
Bagmati Province: Chitwan District, southern Dhading District, western and northwestern Kathmandu District area and northwestern Makwanpur District
Province No. 2: Bara District, Parsa District and Rautahat District
Western Tamang
Bagmati Province: western Nuwakot District, Rasuwa District, and Dhading District
central mountainous strip of Nuwakot District, Bagmati Province (Northwestern Tamang)
northeastern Sindhupalchok District, Bagmati Province: Bhote Namlan, and Bhote Chaur, on Trishuli river west bank toward Budhi Gandaki river
Perumal Samy P. (2013). Tamang in LSI Sikkim, volume I Page Nos. 404–472. Published by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner,India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
Hwang, Hyunkyung; Lee, Seunghun J.; P. Gerber; S. Grollmann (2019). "Laryngeal contrast and tone in Tamang: an analysis based on a new set of Tamang data". Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan. 23 (1): 41–50. doi:10.24467/onseikenkyu.23.0_41.
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