Pogali or Poguli is a dialect of Kashmiri language spoken in parts of the Chenab Valley of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Its area encompasses the Pogal and Paristan valleys,[1] and currently falls within the boundaries of Ramban district's Pogal Paristan tehsil. Like its neighbours Sarazi and Rambani, Pogali is one of the two dialects of Kashmiri, the other one being Kishtwari.

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Pogali
Native to	India
Region	Ramban District, Chenab Valley
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Dardic Kashmiri Pogali
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	pogu1238

History

The foreign writers have studied surveys like Grierson, Bailey, and Peter Hook and have mentioned them in their reports. ^{[citation needed]} It is also mentioned in the linguistic survey of India as well. Pogal as it existed in the 17th and 18th centuries and the Pogali Dialect. Before Dogra rule, the Rajwada, or Kingdom was a single administrative entity stretching from Chounthan Paristan to “Rampadi” or “Kishtwar Rund” in Chamalwas and extending all the way to the Daing Bhattal area (now Gool).The Raja was directly under the control of the sovereign state of Kishtwar and was given two pigeons every year. This was a symbolic gesture, a mark of acceptance of the supremacy of the kingdom of Kishtwar. The area beyond Pogal includes the Neel and Paristan mountainous regions. Pogal is bordered on the east by Kishtwar, and on the south by Ramban and Siraj, in which different dialects are spoken. The Pogali-speaking people reside mainly to the south, south-east, and south-west of Banihal. The Rajas lived in a fort called Kharwan fort falls within the current Village of Dhanmasta. It is said that the whole area was under the control of kishtwar kingdom, Pogal Paristan. There were small local lords also who were controlling various localities under him also.In other parts also, there were small local heads who were also called Rai.^{[citation needed]}

In 1821, Gulab Singh conquered Kishtwar from Raja Tegh Mohammad Singh (alias Saifullah Khan), which marked the end of the small kingdom of Pogal Paristan also. This area was also brought under the direct control of Gulab Singh, the founder of Dogra rule. Zaildari Nazam was introduced and they were the representatives of the Dogras in the area. The authentic history of the Pogali dialect is available in the literature at national level and research work has been conducted by western linguists, most recently by Peter H. Hook, a professor at Michigan University USA.

As per Koul and Schmidt (1984), Poguli shares many linguistic features, including 70% of vocabulary, with Kashmiri. The main villages where Poguli is spoken are Pogal, Paristan, Ukhral, Shaligad, Neel, Khari, Bingara, Senabhati, Ganoaut, Sarbagni, Shagan area, Chamalvas, Amkote, Tregam, Allanbass, Chunthan, Bamanhall, Pingloga Bass, Maligam, Panchal, Kharvaan, Dradhi, Ramsu, Magarkot, Chanjloo (now called as Toibabad) and Phagu Nowkote area of Banihal, Kabhi, Bhatni, Parnoat, Gugwal, Maitra and many other small pockets of Ramban, Lar area of Gulabghar etc.

Even now, pogli-speaking people have migrated to different places in the erstwhile JK state viz. Katra, Chenani, Udhampur, Nagraota Bhatindi, Sidra, Sujwaan, Samba, Gandherbal, Islamabad, etc. Grierson (1919) regards Poguli as a branch of Kashmiri language. Sir George Grierson, an ICS officer and a renowned linguist, appointed by the British Indian Government to conduct a linguistic survey of Indian languages and dialects, has, no doubt, rendered monumental service to the cause of studies in Indian languages. The Linguistic Survey of India (LSI) is a comprehensive survey of the languages of British India, describing 364 languages and dialects. It started in 1894, and after great and dedicated efforts, it took thirty years to accomplish the task. Finally, the last results were published in 1928. As per Grierson (1919) and Kachru (1969), Kashmiri has two regional dialects, namely Kishtwari and Pogali, which are spoken outside the Kashmir Valley. Poguli has no written tradition and no published literature other than some folk songs printed locally. After the early sketches published in Bailey (1908) and Grierson (1919), it has received very little attention from linguists. In the recent past, some writers have made an effort to write prose and poetry in the said dialect, but this has not been popularised in the manner it should have been. The issue related to the origin or genealogical classification of Kashmiri has been discussed at length by Grierson, who has placed Kashmiri under the Dardic group of languages. He has classified Dardic languages under three major groups:- ^{[citation needed]}

1. The Kafir Group
2. The Khowar or Chitrali Group, and
3. The Dard Group.

According to his classification, the Dardic Group includes Shina, Kashmiri, Kishtwari, Pogali, Sarazi, Rambani, and Kohistani – the last comprising Garwi, Torwali and Maiya. It cannot be therefore recognized as a dialect of Kashmiri. However, Kishtwari and Pogali probably are the only two regional dialects of Kashmiri spoken outside the valley of Kashmir.^{[citation needed]}

References

• Bailey, T. G. (1908). The languages of the Northern Himalayas. London: Royal Asiatic Society.
• Bhat, R. (1987). A descriptive study of Kashmiri. Delhi: Amar Prakashan.
• Grierson, G. A. (1911). Standard manual of the Kashmiri language (Vol. 1) Grammar and Phrase Book. Oxford (Referred Reprint by: Light & Life Publications, Jammu 1973).
• Grierson, G. A. (1919). The linguistic survey of India (Vol. VIII), Part (II). Calcutta: Royal Asiatic Society. Reprinted Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass (1968).
• Hook, P. E. (1987). Poguli syntax in the light of Kashmiri: A preliminary report. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, 17(1), 63-71.
• Hook, P. E. & Koul, N. O. (1984). Pronominal suffixes and split ergativity in Kashmiri. Aspects of Kashmiri linguistics (12), 123-135.
• Kachru, B. B. (1969). A Reference grammar of Kashmiri. Urbana: University of Illinois.
• Kachru, Y. (2006). Hindi (Vol.12). John Benjamins Press.
• Kak, A. A. & Wani. N. H. (2013). Some aspects of Kashmiri Poguli comparison. International Journal of Advanced Research 1(2), 100-106.
• Koul, O. N. & Hook. P. E. (Eds.) (1984). Aspects of Kashmiri Linguistics (Vol. 12). New Delhi: Bahri Publications.
• Koul, O. N. (2005). Studies in Kashmiri Linguistics. Delhi: Indian Institute of Language Studies.
• Koul, O. N. (2006). Modern Kashmiri grammar. USA: Dunwoody Press.
• Koul, O. N. et al. (2012). A linguistic survey of Kashmiri dialects part II. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages.
• Koul, O. N. (Ed.) (2014). People’s linguistic survey of India: The Languages of Jammu and Kashmir 12. Delhi: Orient Blackswan.
• Muneera, M. (2006). kᴐ:šričh kadi:m ti ehe:m bu:lj pougli:. Srinagar: Cultural Academy.Pei, M., & Gaynor, F. (1954). A dictionary of linguistics. Rowman & Littlefield.
• Sachdeva, R. et al. (2011). A Linguistic survey of Kashmiri dialects part I. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages.
• Wani, N. H. & Kak, A. A. (2014). Reduplication in Poguli. Interdisciplinary Journal of

Bibliography

• Kaul, Pritam Krishen (2006). Pahāṛi and Other Tribal Dialects of Jammu. Vol. 1. Delhi: Eastern Book Linkers. ISBN 8178541017.