Halbi (also Bastari, Halba, Halvas, Halabi, Halvi) is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language, transitional between Odia and Marathi.[2] It is spoken by at least 766,297 people across the central part of India.
Halbi | |
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ହଲବୀ, हलबी | |
Native to | India |
Region | Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra |
Ethnicity | Halba |
Native speakers | 766,297 (2011 census)[1] |
Language family | Indo-European
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Writing system | Odia, Devanagari |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | hlb |
Glottolog | halb1244 Halbi |
Linguasphere | 59-AAF-tb |
Halbi-speaking region |
The Mehari (or Mahari) dialect is mutually intelligible with the other dialects only with difficulty. There are an estimated 200,000 second-language speakers (as of 2001). In Chhattisgarh educated people are fluent in Hindi. Some first language speakers use Bhatri as second language.
Halbi is often used as a trade language, but there is a low literacy rate. It is written in the Odia and Devanagari scripts.[citation needed] It uses SOV word order (subject-object-verb), makes strong use of affixes, and places adjectives before nouns.
Halbi has 6 vowels: /a, e, ɘ, i, o, u/. All vowels show contrastive vowel nasalization.[3]
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
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Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
voiced | b | d | g | |||
breathy | bʱ | dʱ | gʱ | |||
Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | cç | |||
voiced | ɟʝ | |||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ç | h | |
voiced | v | z | ||||
Approximant | l | j | w | |||
Trill | r |
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Modern Indo-Aryan languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See also: Old and Middle Indo-Aryan; Indo-Iranian languages; Nuristani languages; Iranian languages |
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