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Bhili (Bhili: भीली), IPA: [bʱiːliː], is a Western Indo-Aryan language spoken in west-central India, in the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh.[3] Other names for the language include Bhagoria and Bhilboli; several varieties are called Garasia. Bhili is a member of the Bhil languages, which are related to Gujarati and Rajasthani. The language is written using the Devanagari script.
| Bhili | |
|---|---|
| भीली, ભીલી | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Bhil Pradesh (Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra) |
| Ethnicity | Bhil people |
Native speakers | 3,206,533 (2011 census)[1] |
Language family | Indo-European
|
Writing system | Devanagari, Gujarati[2] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:bhb – Bhili (Bhagoria, Bhilboli, Patelia)gas – Adiwasi Garasiagra – Rajput Garasia (Dungri) |
| Glottolog | bhil1251 Bhilirajp1235 Rajput Garasiaadiw1235 Adiwasi Garasia |
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | k | ||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʈʰ | kʰ | |||
| voiced | b | d | ɖ | ɡ | |||
| breathy | bʱ | dʱ | ɖʱ | ɡʱ | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | tʃ | |||||
| voiced | dʒ | ||||||
| Fricative | s | (ʃ) | h | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɳ | (ŋ) | |||
| Lateral | l | ɭ | |||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Approximant | w | j | |||||
- /w/ may also be heard as [ʋ] in free variation.
- /ʃ/ occurs in loanwords from Persian and Hindi.[4]
- [ŋ] is heard as an allophone of /n/ preceding /k/.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid-high | e | ə | o |
| Mid-low | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Low | (æ) | a |
- Vowels /i, u/ can also be heard as [ɪ, ʊ].
- [æ] is borrowed from Hindi.
- /ə/ may also be heard as [ɤ] in final position.[5]
Further reading
- Bodhankar, Anantrao. Bhillori (Bhilli) – English Dictionary. Pune: Tribal Research & Training Institute, 2002.[[[Wikipedia:Cleanup|not Bhilori language?]]]
- Jungblut, L. A Short Bhili Grammar of Jhabua State and Adjoining Territories. S.l: s.n, 1937.
- Thompson, Charles S. Rudiments of the Bhili Language. Ahmedabad [India]: United Printing Press, 1895.
See also
- Languages of India
- Languages with official status in India
- List of Indian languages by total speakers
References
- "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- "ScriptSource - Bhili". Retrieved 13 February 2017.
- Ishtiaq, M. (1999). Language Shifts Among the Scheduled Tribes in India, A Geographical Study. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN 9788120816176.
- Phillips, Maxwell P. (2012). Dialect Continuum in the Bhil Tribal Belt: Grammatical Aspects. University of London.
- Vyas, Yogendra Dhirubhai (1967). A linguistic study of Bhili dialects: A descriptive study of central and north Bhili. Ahmedabad: Gujarat University.
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На других языках
- [en] Bhili language
[es] Idioma bhili
El bhili (también llamado bhagoria, bhil, bhilbari, bhilboli, bhilla, lengotia, vil) es una lengua indo-aria hablada en la zona central del oeste de la India, en la zona este de Ahmedabad. El bhili es un miembro del grupo de lenguas bhil, el cual está relacionado con el guyarati y el rayastani. Se usa como escritura una variante del devánagari.[fr] Bhili
Le bhili est une langue parlée en Inde par les tribus aborigènes Bhîl. Elle s’écrit avec l’alphasyllabaire devanagari.[ru] Бхили
Бхили — западный индоарийский язык, на котором говорят в западной части центральной Индии, в районе к востоку от Ахмадабада. Другие названия этого языка звучат как багория, бхил, бхилболи, бхилла, ленготия, и вил. Письмо данного языка является вариацией письменности деванагари.Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.
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