Surjapuri is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language spoken in Eastern India including North Bengal, West Bengal, and Eastern Bihar, as well as in Nepal. Among speakers in some regions, it is known as 'Deshi Bhasa'. It possesses similarities with Kamatapuri, Assamese, Bengali, and Maithili.
Surjapuri | |
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Sura, Deshi Bhasa | |
सुरजापुरी, সুরজাপুরী | |
Native to | India, Nepal, Bangladesh |
Region | Bihar, West Bengal |
Native speakers | 2,256,228 (2011 census)[1] Census results conflate some speakers with Hindi.[2] |
Language family | Indo-European
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Writing system | Devanagari, Bengali |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | sjp |
Glottolog | surj1235 |
Surjapuri is mainly spoken in the parts of Purnia division (Kishanganj, Katihar, Purnia, and Araria districts) of Bihar.[3] It is also spoken in West Bengal (Uttar Dinajpur and Dakshin Dinajpur districts, and in North Malda of Malda district, specially in Harishchandrapur and Chanchal area and Siliguri city of Darjeeling district – part of the North Bengal region within the Jalpaiguri division), Bangladesh (Thakurgaon District) as well as in parts of eastern Nepal.
Surjapuri is associated with the Kamtapuri language (and its dialects Rangpuri and Koch Rajbangshi) spoken in North Bengal and Western Assam,[4] as well as with Assamese, Bengali, and Maithili.
Singular | Plural | ||||
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nominative | oblique | nominative | oblique | ||
1st person | mũi | mo- | hāmrā | hāmsā-, hāmcā- | |
2nd person | tũi | to- | tumrā, tomrā | tumsā-, tomsā- | |
3rd person | proximal | yāhāy | yahā- | emrā, erā | ismā-, isā- |
distal | wahā̃y | wahā- | amrā, worā | usmā-, usā- |
Surjapuri has the oblique plural suffixes: sā (hamsā-, tomsā-) and smā (ismā-, usmā-). They are also seen in Early Assamese as: sā (āmāsā-, tomāsā-) and sambā (esambā-, tesambā-) and their occurrences are similar.[8]
Labial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Retroflex | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | ||
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Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
Stop/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | ʈ | tʃ | k | |
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʈʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ | ||
voiced | b | d | ɖ | dʒ | ɡ | ||
breathy | bʱ | dʱ | ɖʱ | dʒʱ | ɡʱ | ||
Fricative | s | h | |||||
Tap | ɾ | ||||||
Lateral | l | ||||||
Approximant | w | j |
Front | Central | Back | |
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High | i | u | |
Mid | e | ə | o |
ɔ | |||
Low | æ | ɑ |
Modern Indo-Aryan languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dardic |
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Northwestern |
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Western |
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Central |
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Eastern |
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Southern |
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Unclassified | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pidgins and creoles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also: Old and Middle Indo-Aryan; Indo-Iranian languages; Nuristani languages; Iranian languages |
Languages of India | |||||||
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Official languages |
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Major unofficial languages |
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