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Umbundu, or South Mbundu (autonym Umbundu: úmbúndú), one of many Bantu languages, is the most widely-spoken autochthonous language of Angola. Its speakers are known as Ovimbundu and are an ethnic group constituting a third of Angola's population. Their homeland is the Central Highlands of Angola and the coastal region west of these highlands, including the cities of Benguela and Lobito. Because of recent internal migration, there are now also large communities in the capital Luanda and its surrounding province, as well as in Lubango.

Umbundu
South Mbundu
Úmbúndú
Native to	Angola
Ethnicity	Ovimbundu
Native speakers	12,740,000
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu (Zone R) Umbundu
Official status
Official language in	Angola ("National language")
Language codes
ISO 639-2	umb
ISO 639-3	umb
Glottolog	umbu1257
Guthrie code	R.11[1]
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Southern Mbundu
Person	Ocimbundu
People	Ovimbundu
Language	Umbundu
Country	Ovimbunduland

Phonology

Consonants

Umbundu consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stop	plain	p	t	t͡ʃ	k
	prenasal.	ᵐb	ⁿd	ᶮd͡ʒ	ᵑɡ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s			h
	voiced	v
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Approximant		w	l	j

Vowels

Umbundu vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i ĩ		u ũ
Mid	e ẽ		o õ
Open		a ã

Tone

Umbundu has two tones: low and high. The first acute accent (á) in a word represents a high tone. The low tone is represented by a grave accent (à). Unmarked syllables carry the same tone as the preceding syllable.[2]

Vocabulary

• Welcome – Ukombe weya ('The guests has come')
• Hello – Wakolapo? (sg); Wakolipo? (pl)
• How are you? – Wakolapo? (sg); Wakolipo? (pl)
• I'm fine thanks, and you? – Ndakolapo ('I'm fine'); Twakolapo ('We're fine')
• What's your name? – Velye olonduko vene? (frm); Helye onduko yove? (inf)
• My name is... – Onduko yange ame...
• Where are you from? – Pi ofeka yove? ('Where is your country?')
• I'm from... – Ofeka yange... ('My country is...')
• Good morning – Utanya uwa
• Good afternoon – Ekumbi liwa
• Good evening – Uteke uwa
• Good night – Uteke uwa; Pekelapo ciwa ('Sleep well')
• Goodbye – Ndanda. ('I went')
• Do you speak English? – Ove ovangula inglese?
• Do you speak Umbundu? – Ove ovangula umbundu?
• Sorry – Ngecele (sg); Twecele (pl)
• Please – Ndinge ohenda. ('Give me pity')
• Thank you – Ndapandula (sg); Twapandula (pl)
• Reply – Lacimwe

Sample text

Omanu vosi vacitiwa valipwa kwenda valisoka kovina vyosikwenda komoko. Ovo vakwete esunga kwenda, kwenda olondunge kwenje ovo vatêla okuliteywila kuvamwe kwenda vakwavo vesokolwilo lyocisola.[3]

Translation: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

References

Further reading

• Valente, José Francisco (1964). Gramática umbundu: a língua do centro de Angola [Umbundu Grammar: The Language of Central Angola] (in Portuguese). Lisboa: Junta de Investigações do Ultramar.
• Schadeberg, Thilo C. (1982). "Nasalization in Umbundu". Journal of African Languages and Linguistics. 4 (2): 109–132. doi:10.1515/jall.1982.4.2.109. S2CID 56021379.
• Childs, Gladwyn M. (1949). Umbundu Kinship and Character: Being a Description of Social Structure and Individual Development of the Ovimbundu. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-8357-3227-4.

External links

• Educação (in Portuguese) – Umbundu lessons at Nação Ovimbundu
• Umbundu – alphabet at omniglot.com
• Dictionary Umbundu – Medical Hospital Nossa Senhora da Paz, Cubal, Angola.

На других языках

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[de] Umbundu (Sprache)

Das Umbundu (auch Mbundu (zweideutig), Benguela Mbundu) ist eine in Zentralangola, besonders in den Provinzen Huambo, Bié und Benguela beheimatete Bantusprache, die von ca. 35 % der Bevölkerung Angolas gesprochen wird.

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- [en] Umbundu

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[fr] Umbundu

L’umbundu, aussi écrit oumboundou en français, est la langue du peuple Ovimbundu (à ne pas confondre avec la langue kimbundu parlée par les Ambundu ou Akwambundu) qui vivent au Nord des Ovimbundu. L'umbundu et le kimbundu font partie de la famille des langues bantoues.

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[it] Lingua umbundu

L'umbundu o mbundu del sud è una lingua bantu dell'Africa meridionale; viene parlata prevalentemente nella parte occidentale dell'Angola, oltre a un piccolo nucleo di parlanti in Namibia.[2] La lingua, con circa 6 milioni di parlanti (detti ovimbundu), è il maggiore idioma bantu dell'Angola.

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[ru] Южный мбунду

Ю́жный мбу́нду, или умбу́нду, — язык группы банту, распространённый в Анголе и отчасти в Намибии. Умбунду — самый большой по числу носителей африканский язык в Анголе (по данным переписей, им владеет до трети жителей страны). Южный мбунду не следует путать с северным мбунду (kimbundu) — другим языком банту, распространённым в Анголе, но относящимся к зоне H по классификации Гасри (в то время как южный мбунду относится к зоне R).

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