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Bantoid is a major branch of the Benue–Congo language family. It consists of the Northern Bantoid languages and the Southern Bantoid languages, a division which also includes the Bantu languages that constitute the overwhelming majority and to which Bantoid is named after.

Bantoid
Geographic
distribution		Sub-Saharan Africa, but not farther west than Nigeria
Linguistic classificationNiger–Congo?
  • Atlantic–Congo
    • Volta-Congo
      • Benue–Congo
        • Bantoid
Proto-languageProto-Bantoid[1][2]
Subdivisions
  • Northern Bantoid
  • Southern Bantoid
Glottologbant1294
The Bantoid languages shown within the Niger–Congo language family. Non-Bantoid languages are greyscale.

History


The term "Bantoid" was first used by Krause in 1895 for languages that showed resemblances in vocabulary to Bantu. Joseph Greenberg, in his 1963 The Languages of Africa, defined Bantoid as the group to which Bantu belongs together with its closest relatives; this is the sense in which the term is still used today.

However, according to Roger Blench, the Bantoid languages probably do not actually form a coherent group.[3]


Internal classification


A proposal that divided Bantoid into North Bantoid and South Bantoid was introduced by Williamson.[4][5] In this proposal, the Mambiloid and Dakoid languages (and later Tikar) are grouped together as North Bantoid, while everything else Bantoid is subsumed under South Bantoid; Ethnologue uses this classification.

The phylogenetic unity of the North Bantoid group is sometimes thought to be questionable, and the Dakoid languages are often now placed outside Bantoid.[citation needed] But the work did establish Southern Bantoid as a valid genetic unit. Southern Bantoid includes the well known and numerous Bantu languages.[6]

The Bantoid branches of Nigeria and Cameroon
The Bantoid branches of Nigeria and Cameroon

References


  1. Watters, John R. (2018). East Benue-Congo: Nouns, pronouns, and verbs. ISBN 9783961101009.
  2. Asher, R. E.; Moseley, Christopher (19 April 2018). Atlas of the World's Languages. ISBN 9781317851097.
  3. Roger Blench. "Niger-Congo: an alternative view" (PDF). Rogerblench.info. pp. 2, 4. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
  4. Williamson, Kay (1989) 'Niger–Congo Overview'. In: The Niger–Congo languages, ed. by John Bendor-Samuel, 3–45. University Press of America.
  5. Blench, Roger [1987] 'A new classification of Bantoid languages.' Unpublished paper presented at 17th Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics, Leiden.
  6. Williamson, Kay & Blench, Roger (2000) 'Niger–Congo', in Heine, Bernd and Nurse, Derek (eds) African Languages – An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University press, pp. 11–42.



На других языках

- [en] Bantoid languages

[fr] Langues bantoïdes

Les langues bantoïdes forment une branche des langues bénoué-congolaises de la famille des langues nigéro-congolaises, dans la classification des langues africaines. Le terme « bantoïde » est utilisé pour la première fois par Krause en 1895 pour les langues au vocabulaire ressemblant à celui des langues bantoues. En 1963 dans The Languages of Africa, Greenberg a défini les langues bantoïdes comme le groupe des langues bantoues et des langues proches.


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