Lontara Bilang-bilang is a cipher of the Lontara script, currently used for Buginese poetry. This script uses the Eastern Arabic numerals-inspired letterform to substitute the Lontara script, as a way to hide it to the Dutch at the time.[1] It was an adaptation to a similar ciphers of the Arabic script that has been used in South Asia around the 19th century.[2][3]

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Indonesian. (October 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Indonesian article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Indonesian Wikipedia article at [[:id:Lontara Bilang-bilang]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|id|Lontara Bilang-bilang}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Bilang-bilang
Script type	Abugida
Time period	17th century – present
Languages	Buginese language
Related scripts
Parent systems	Proto-Sinaitic[a] Phoenician[a] Aramaic[a] Nabataean Arabic Bilang-bilang
[a] The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon.
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

This article contains Lontara script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Lontara characters.

Usage

In Buginese literature, Lontara Bilang-bilang is sometimes used as a substitute to Lontara script in writing basa to bakke', a play-on-words, as well as élong maliung bettuanna, poetry with some hidden meaning using basa to bakke'. In this script, each base letter in standard Lontara are substituted with forms derived from Arabic script and its numerals, with standard, unchanged Lontara vowel diacritics attached to them.[3]

Cipher system

Lontara Bilang-Bilang substitutes Arabic letters with stylized numerals in accordance with Abjad numerals, a system that has been used in 19 AD in what is now Pakistan and Afghanistan. In Bilang-Bilang, many letters for Arabic sounds not in Buginese are not used, while for sounds existing in Buginese and Malay, new letters are added with more stylization.[2] For example, ب have a numeral value of 2 and therefore is substituted by a stylized form of ٢, illustrated as follows:

Arabic	Value		Lontara Bilang-bilang	Lontara	Latin	Comments
ب	٢	2		ᨅ	ba	Stylization of ٢ with a short vertical line
ك	٢٠	20		ᨀ	ka	Stylization of ٢ with a medium vertical line
ر	٢٠٠	200		ᨑ	ra	Stylization of ٢ with a long vertical line

Jawi letters for Malay and Buginese sounds are formed with dots as equivalent for its Arabic counterpart. For example. ج (jim) uses the form of ٣, while چ (ca) uses the form of ٣ as well but with the addition of three dots, illustrated as follows:

Arab	Value		Lontara Bilang-bilang	Lontara	Latin	Comments
ج	٣	3		ᨍ	ja	Stylization of ٣
چ				ᨌ	ca	with three dots, analogous to چ
ك	٢٠	20		ᨀ	ka	Stylization of ٢
ࢴ				ᨁ	ga	with one dot, analogous to ࢴ

Pre-nasal sounds are formed with the addition of a diacritic line, illustrated as follows:

Arab	Value		Lontara Bilang-bilang	Lontara	Latin	Comments
ك	٢٠	20		ᨀ	ka	Stylization of ٢ with a medium vertical line
				ᨃ	ngka	with a diacritic line
ر	٢٠٠	200		ᨑ	ra	Stylization of ٢ with a long vertical line
				ᨋ	nra	with a diacritic line

Letterform Table

Arabic	Numerical Value		Lontara Bilang-bilang	Lontara	Latin	Jawi	Lontara Bilang-bilang	Lontara	Latin	Lontara Bilang-bilang	Lontara	Latin
ا	١	1		ᨕ	a
ب	٢	2		ᨅ	ba
ج	٣	3		ᨍ	ja	چ		ᨌ	ca		ᨏ	nca
د	۴	4		ᨉ	da
ن	۵	5		ᨊ	na
و	۶	6		ᨓ	wa
ع	٧	7				ڠ		ᨂ	nga
ف	٨	8		ᨄ	pa						ᨇ	mpa
ي	١٠	10		ᨐ	ya	ۑ		ᨎ	nya
ك	٢٠	20		ᨀ	ka	ࢴ		ᨁ	ga		ᨃ	ngka
ل	٣٠	30		ᨒ	la
م	۴٠	40		ᨆ	ma
س	۶٠	60		ᨔ	sa
ر	٢٠٠	200		ᨑ	ra						ᨋ	nra
ت	۴٠٠	400		ᨈ	ta
note Lontara 'ha' "ᨖ" does not have a Bilang-bilang equivalent[4]

Unicode

The Lontara Bilang-bilang Script has not yet been added into the Unicode standard as of version 14.0. A code range has been assigned for it in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane, but as of revision 14.0.0, no proposals has been made for assigning the letters.[5]

Example text

See also

• Buginese language
• Lontara script
• Cipher

References