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The Huizhou dialect (simplified Chinese: 惠州话; traditional Chinese: 惠州話; pinyin: Huìzhōuhuà) is a Chinese dialect spoken in and around Huicheng District, the traditional urban centre of Huizhou, Guangdong.[2] The locals also call the dialect Bendihua (simplified Chinese: 本地话; traditional Chinese: 本地話; pinyin: Běndìhuà; lit. 'local speech') and distinguish it from the dialect spoken in Meixian and Danshui, Huiyang, which they call Hakka (simplified Chinese: 客家话; traditional Chinese: 客家話; pinyin: Kèjiāhuà).[2][3]

Huizhou dialect
惠州话 / 惠州話
Native toChina
RegionHuizhou, Guangdong
Native speakers
110,000 (2002)[1]
Language family
Sino-Tibetan
  • Sinitic
    • Hakka (disputed)
      • Huizhou dialect
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Linguist List
hak-hui Huizhou
Glottologhuiz1243  Huizhou
Linguasphere79-AAA-gai
79-AAA-gaj
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Classification


The classification of the Huizhou dialect is disputed because it shows characteristics of both Yue and Hakka. Most scholars classify the Huizhou dialect as a dialect of Hakka, but some scholars, most notably Liu Shuxin, consider it to be a dialect of Yue.[2]

The first edition of the Language Atlas of China puts it into its own subgroup under Hakka known as the Huizhou subgroup (惠州片; Huìzhōu piàn).[4] In the second edition, it is still classified as a dialect of Hakka, but it is placed under the Mei–Hui cluster (梅惠小片; Méi-Huì xiǎopiàn) of the Yue–Tai subgroup (粤台片; 粵臺片; Yuè-Tái piàn).[5]

Liu Shuxin groups it together with other similar dialects spoken around the middle and upper reaches of the Dong River, including the Heyuan dialect, into the Hui–He branch (惠河系; Huì-Hé xì) of Yue.[6] Chang Song-hing and Zhuang Chusheng propose a similar grouping called the Hui–He subgroup (惠河片; Huì-Hé piàn), but they classify the group as Hakka.[7]


Phonology



Tones


The Huizhou dialect has seven tones:[8]

Tone name dark level
(阴平 / 陰平)
light level
(阳平 / 陽平)
rising
(上声 / 上聲)
dark departing
(阴去 / 陰去)
light departing
(阳去 / 陽去)
dark entering
(阴入 / 陰入)
light entering
(阳入 / 陽入)
Example / /
Tone letter ˧ (33)[upper-alpha 1] ˨ (22)[upper-alpha 2] ˧˥ (35) ˨˩˧ (213)[upper-alpha 3] ˧˩ (31)[upper-alpha 4] ˦˥ (45), ˥ (5) ˨˩ (21)[upper-alpha 5]
  1. Also recorded as ˦ (44)[9][10] or ˥ (55).[11]
  2. Also recorded as ˩ (11)[12][10] or ˧ (33).[11]
  3. Also recorded as ˩˧ (13).[11][12][9][10]
  4. Also recorded as ˥˧ (53)[11] or ˨˩ (21).[12]
  5. Also recorded as ˨ (2),[12][10] ˩ (1)[11] or ˧ (3).[9]

Other than these seven tones, ˥ (55) appears in some grammatical particles.[13]


Grammar



Verbal aspect


The Huizhou dialect has several aspectual markers that attach to the verb as suffixes:[14][15][16]

AspectMarker
Progressive / /kin˧˥/, / /ũn˧˥/
Continuous /tsʰy˧˩/
Perfective / /pʰau˧ ~ au˧ ~ ei˧/, /a˧/, /ei˥/
Experiential / /kɔ˨˩˧/

Pronouns


The Huizhou dialect has the following personal pronouns. The plural is formed by a tone change.[17]

Singular Plural
1st person /ŋɔi˨˩˧/ /ŋɔi˧˥/
2nd person /ni˨˩˧/ /ni˧˥/
3rd person /kʰy˨/ /kʰy˧˥/

Vocabulary


The Huizhou dialect has many cognates with Yue and/or Hakka (cognates with Huizhou are shaded in blue):[18]

EnglishHuizhouGuangzhou (Yue)Meixian (Hakka)Putonghua
fly (insect)乌蝇 / 烏蠅 /ũ˧ zən˨/乌蝇 / 烏蠅 wu1 jing1乌蝇 / 烏蠅 vu1 yin2苍蝇 / 蒼蠅 cāngyíng
house /ək˦˥/ uk1 vug5房子 fángzi
sleep𰥛觉 / 瞓覺 /hun˨˩˧ kau˨˩˧/𰥛觉 / 瞓覺 fan3 gaau3睡目 soi4 mug5睡觉 / 睡覺 shuìjiào
see /tʰiɛ˧˥/ tai2 kon4 kàn
maize包粟 /pau˧ sək˦˥/粟米 suk1 mai5包粟 bau1 xiug5玉米 yùmǐ
younger brother老弟 /lau˧˥ tʰiɛ˨˩˧/细佬 / 細佬 sai3 lou2老弟 lau3 tai1弟弟 dìdi
water chestnut马蹄 / 馬蹄 /ma˨˩˧ tʰiɛ˨/马蹄 / 馬蹄 maa5 tai2荸荠 / 荸薺 bíqi
马荠 / 馬薺 /ma˨˩˧ tsʰi˨/马荠 / 馬薺 ma1 qi2
together一齐 / 一齊 /ĩt˦˥ tsʰiɛ˨/一齐 / 一齊 jat1 cai4一起 yīqǐ
一下 /ĩt˦˥ ha˧˩/一下 yid5 ha4

Notes


  1. HZSHCQZ 2012, p. 113.
  2. Hou 2017, p. 159.
  3. Huang 1987, p. 255.
  4. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences & Australian Academy of the Humanities 1987, B15.
  5. Xie & Huang 2012, p. 117.
  6. Liu 2007, p. 189.
  7. Chang & Zhuang 2008, p. 410.
  8. Liu 1991, pp. 14–15.
  9. Hou 2008, p. 41.
  10. Yan 2009, pp. 2–3.
  11. Huang 1987, p. 256.
  12. Liu 2007, p. 41.
  13. Liu 1991, p. 15.
  14. Liu 1991, pp. 228–229.
  15. Liu 1997, pp. 16–18.
  16. Chen 2010.
  17. Liu 1991, p. 227.
  18. Liu 1991, p. 219–224.

References





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