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Wuming Mandarin or Wuming Guanhua (simplified Chinese: 武鸣官话; traditional Chinese: 武鳴官話; pinyin: Wǔmíng Guānhuà), known locally as Wuminghua (武鸣话; 武鳴話; Wǔmínghuà; 'Wuming speech'),[2] is a dialect of Southwestern Mandarin spoken in urban Wuming District, specifically in the towns of Chengxiang and Fucheng.[3][4][5] It is a variety that has been influenced substantially by Zhuang, which is the majority language of the district.[6][3]

Wuming Mandarin
Wuming Guanhua
武鸣官话
Native to	China
Region	Wuming District
Native speakers	40,000 (2005)[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Mandarin Southwestern Mandarin Gui–Liu Wuming Mandarin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None
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Classification

Wuming Mandarin is classified as a part of the Gui–Liu subgroup (桂柳片; Guì-Liǔ piàn) of Southwestern Mandarin.[7][8] The second edition of the Language Atlas of China further classifies it as part of the Guinan (southern Guangxi) cluster (桂南小片; Guìnán xiǎopiàn).[8]

Phonology

Initials

There are 18 phonemic initials (including the zero initial):[2]

		Bilabial		Alveolar		Velar		Glottal
Plosive	plain	p		t		k		ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ		tʰ		kʰ
Affricate	plain			ts
	aspirated			tsʰ
Fricative		f		s		x
Lateral fricative				ɬ
Nasal			m		n		ŋ
Lateral approximant					l

Rimes

There are seventy (70) rimes.[2]

Tones

There are seven tones, six of which are native:[9]

Name	Tone letter
yin level (阴平; 陰平)	˧ (33)
yang level (阳平; 陽平)	˨˩ (21)
rising (上声; 上聲)	˥ (55)
departing (去声; 去聲)	˨˦ (24)
high entering (入声高调; 入聲高調)	˥ (55)
low entering (入声低调; 入聲低調)	˨˩ (21)

The other tone, ˧˥ (35), is non-native, occurs in very few words, and corresponds to the yin level (阴平; 陰平) tone in Pinghua.[9]

Notes

References

• Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Australian Academy of the Humanities (1987). 中国语言地图集 [Language Atlas of China] (in Chinese). Hong Kong: Longman Group (Far East). ISBN 0-582-99903-0.
• Huang, Yuanwei (1997). "The Interaction between Zhuang and the Yue (Cantonese) Dialects". In Edmondson, Jerold A.; Solnit, David B. (eds.). Comparative Kadai: The Tai Branch. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 57–76. ISBN 1-55671-005-4.
• Liu, Cunhan (2012). B2—2、3、4 广西壮族自治区的汉语方言. 中国语言地图集 [Language Atlas of China] (in Chinese). Vol. 汉语方言卷 (2nd ed.). Beijing: Commercial Press. pp. 166–176. ISBN 978-7-100-07054-6.
• Lu, Miaoyan (2012). 武鸣县城官话调查报告 [Wuming County Mandarin Investigation Report] (master's) (in Chinese). Guangxi University.
• Lu, Miaoyan (2013). 武鸣县城官话同音字汇 [Homophony Syllabary of Wuming County Mandarin]. Journal of Baise University (in Chinese). 26 (5): 56–64.
• Wuming County Annals Editorial Board, ed. (1998). 武鸣县志 [Wuming County Annals] (in Chinese). Nanning: Guangxi People's Publishing House. ISBN 7219036698.
• Wuming County Annals Editorial Board, ed. (2013). 武鸣县志（1991～2005） [Wuming County Annals (1991–2005)] (in Chinese). Nanning: Guangxi People's Publishing House. ISBN 978-7-219-08337-6.

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