lingvo.wikisort.org - Language

Kului (Kullū, also known as Kulvi, Takri: 𑚊𑚰𑚥𑚷𑚱𑚃/𑚊𑚰𑚥𑚷𑚱𑚦𑚯) is a Western Pahari language spoken in Himachal Pradesh.

Wiktionary has a category on Kullu Pahari language.

Kullui
𑚊𑚰𑚥𑚷𑚱𑚃, कुळूई, kuḷūī
Kuḷūī written in Takri Script
Native to	India
Region	Himachal Pradesh
Native speakers	196,295 (2011)[1]
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan North-Western Western Pahari Kullui
Writing system	Takri, Devanagari
Language codes
ISO 639-3	kfx
Glottolog	kull1236
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

This article contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial		Dental		Alveolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Pharyngeal	Glottal
Plosive	p pʰ	b bʱ	t̪ t̪ʰ	d̪ d̪ʱ			ʈ ʈʰ	ɖ ɖʱ			k kʰ	ɡ ɡʱ		ʔ
Affricate					ts tsʰ	dz dzʱ			c͡ç c͡çʰ	ɟ͡ʝ ɟ͡ʝʱ
Fricative					s				ɕ				ħ	ɦ
Nasal	m		n̪				ɳ		ɲ		ŋ
Trill/Flap					r		ɽ
Lateral					l		ɭ
Approximant									j

For the stops and affricates there is a four-way distinction in phonation between tenuis /p/, voiced /b/, aspirated /pʰ/ and breathy voiced /bʱ/ series. Thakur (1975, pp. 175–8) lists as separate phonemes aspirated correlates of /ŋ/, /n/, /m/, /j/, /r/, /ɽ/, /l/ and /ɭ/, but describes the aspiration as a voiceless pharyngeal friction. /n̪/ is dental, but becomes alveolar if the next syllable contains a retroflex consonant. /ŋ/ and /ɲ/ are rare, but contrast with the other nasals word-medially between vowels. /ɳ/, /ɭ/ and /ɽ/, together with their aspirated correlates, don't occur in the beginning of words.[2] The glottal stop occurs only between a vowel and /ɳ/, /n/, /r/ or /l/, e.g. [kɑːʔɭ] "a trumpet", which contrasts with [kɑːɭ] "famine". The pharyngeal fricative /ħ/ historically derives from /s/ and occurs word-finally, e.g. [ɡʱɑːħ] "grass", [biːħ] "twenty".[3]

Script

The native script of the language is a variety of Takri script.

Status

The language is commonly called Pahari or Himachali. The language has no official status. According to the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the language is of definitely endangered category, i.e. many Kulluvi children are not learning Kulluvi as their mother tongue any longer.[4]

The demand for the inclusion of 'Pahari (Himachali)' under the Eight Schedule of the Constitution, which is supposed to represent multiple Pahari languages of Himachal Pradesh, had been made in the year 2010 by the state's Vidhan Sabha.[5] There has been no positive progress on this matter since then even when small organisations are striving to save the language.[6] Due to political interest, the language is currently recorded as a dialect of Hindi,[7] even when having a poor mutual intelligibility with it.

Notes

Bibliography

• Thakur, Mauluram (1975), Pahāṛī bhāṣā, Delhi: Sanmarg Prakashan

External links

• Pahari-languages.ru, a Kullui documentation project

---