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Chittagonian (চাটগাঁইয়া saṭgãia or চিটাইঙ্গা siʈaiŋga)[1][2] is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of the Chittagong Division in Bangladesh.[7] Its speakers identify with Bengali culture and the Bengali language,[8] but Chittagonian and Bengali are not mutually intelligible.[9] Chittagonian is considered to be a separate language by many linguists.[10] It is mutually intelligible with Rohingya and to a lesser extent with Noakhailla. It is estimated (2009) that Chittagonian has 13–16 million speakers, principally in Bangladesh.[11]

Chittagonian
চাটগাঁইয়া[1] চিটাইঙ্গা[2]
Pronunciation	[saŋʈgaiyaŋ] [siʈaiŋga]
Native to	Bangladesh
Region	Chittagong region
Ethnicity	Chittagonian
Native speakers	13 million (2006)[3] to 16 million (2007)[4]
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Eastern Bengali–Assamese Chittagonian
Writing system	Bengali-Assamese Arabic[5] Latin[6]
Language codes
ISO 639-3	ctg
Linguist List	ctg
Glottolog	chit1275
Linguasphere	73-DEE-aa
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Classification

Chittagonian is a member of the Bengali-Assamese sub-branch of the Eastern group of Indo-Aryan languages, a branch of the wider Indo-European language family. It is derived through an Eastern Middle Indo-Aryan from Old Indo-Aryan, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European.[9] Grierson (1903) grouped the dialects of Chittagong under Southeastern Bengali, alongside the dialects of Noakhali and Akyab. Chatterji (1926) places Chittagonian in the eastern Vangiya group of Magadhi Prakrit and notes that all Bengali dialects were independent of each other and did not emanate from the literary Bengali called "sadhu bhasha".[12] Among the different dialect groups of these eastern dialects, Chittagonian has phonetic and morphological properties that are alien to standard Bengali and other western dialects of Bengali.[13]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Dental/ Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stop	voiceless	p	t̪	ʈ		k
	aspirated	pʰ	t̪ʰ	ʈʰ		kʰ
	voiced	b	d̪	ɖ		ɡ
	breathy	bʱ	d̪ʱ	ɖʱ		ɡʱ
Affricate	voiceless		ts		tɕ
	aspirated				tɕʰ
	voiced				dʑ
	breathy				dʑʱ
Fricative	voiceless	f~ɸ	s		ʃ	x	h
	voiced		z			ɣ
Nasal		m	n			ŋ
Trill/Tap			ɾ~r	ɽ
Approximant	lateral		l
	central	(w)			(j)

• Approximants [w j] are only heard as allophones of vowels /i u/.
• /ts/ can have a post-alveolar allophone of [tʃ].
• /ʃ/ can have an allophone of [ç].
• /f/ can have a bilabial allophone of [ɸ] .[14]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
High-mid	e		o
Low-mid	(ɛ)		ɔ
Low	æ	a

• Nasalization occurs for seven vowels /ĩ ẽ æ̃ ã ɔ̃ õ ũ/.
• [ɛ] is heard as an allophone of /æ/.[15]

Writing system

The Arabic script has historically been used to write this language.

The Bengali script (Bangla Lipi) and Latin script are used to write this language.

Gboard for Android has added Chittagongian Keyboard.[16]

See also

• Chittagong
• Rohingya language
• Chittagong Division
• Chittagong Hill Tracts

Bibliography

References

External links

На других языках

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[de] Chittagonische Sprache

Die chittagonische Sprache, auch Chittagonisch (Eigenbezeichnung: চিটাইঙ্গা)[1] ist eine indoarische Sprache, die in der Division Chittagong in Bangladesch gesprochen wird.[2] Es wird oft fälschlicherweise als ein Dialekt der bengalischen Sprache angesehen, obwohl die beiden nicht vollständig gegenseitig verständlich sind. Es wird geschätzt (2020), dass Chittagonisch 13 bis 16 Millionen Sprecher hat, hauptsächlich in Bangladesch. Sie gehört damit zu den 100 am meisten gesprochenen Sprachen weltweit.[3] Eine Varietät der Sprache wird auch von den Rohingya in Myanmar gesprochen.

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- [en] Chittagonian language

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[es] Idioma chittagoniano

El chittagoniano (চাটগাঁইয়া Caṭgãia, চিটাইঙ্গা)[1] es un idioma Indo-Ario hablado en partes de la División de Chittagong en Bangladesh.[2] Sus hablantes se identifican con la cultura bengalí y el bengalí como lengua literaria,[3] pero los dos no son mutuamente inteligibles.[4][5] Es mutuamente inteligible con el rohinyá y en menor medida con el noakhailla. Se estima (2009) que el chittagoniano tiene entre 13 y 16 millones de hablantes, principalmente en Bangladesh.[6]

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[fr] Chittagonien

Le chittagonien est une langue du Bangladesh, où le nombre de ses locuteurs est estimé à 13 millions (2006)[2]. Il est essentiellement parlé dans la région de Chittagong. Il est également parlé dans le nord de l'état d'Arakan en Birmanie, par une population connue sous le nom de Rohingya.

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[it] Lingua chittagong

La lingua chittagong[1] (চাটগাঁইয়া, traslitterato: caṭgãia o চিটাইঙ্গা, traslitterato: ciṭainga) – detta anche chittagonian[2] o chittagoniana[3] – è una lingua indoaria parlata in alcune aree della Divisione di Chittagong, in Bangladesh[4].

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