lingvo.wikisort.org - Language

Terêna or Etelena is spoken by 15,000 Brazilians. The language has a dictionary and written grammar.[3] Many Terena people have low Portuguese proficiency. It is spoken in Mato Grosso do Sul. 20% are literate in their language, 80% literate in Portuguese.

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese. (May 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Portuguese article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,345 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at [[:pt:Língua terena]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|pt|Língua terena}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Terêna
Native to	Brazil
Region	Mato Grosso do Sul
Ethnicity	Terena people
Native speakers	16,000 (2006)[1]
Language family	Arawakan Southern Bolivia–Parana Terêna
Language codes
ISO 639-2	ter
ISO 639-3	Variously: ter – Terena gqn – Kinikinao & Guaná caj – Chané
Glottolog	tere1279
ELP	Terena
	Guana (Brazil)[2]

Terêna has an active–stative syntax.[4]

Varieties

There were once four varieties, Kinikinao, Terena proper, Guaná, and Chané, which were sometimes considered to be separate languages (Aikhenvald 1999). Carvalho (2016) has since demonstrated that all four of them are the same language.[5] Only Terena proper is still spoken.

Language contact

Terena originated in the Northwestern Chaco.[6] As a result, many Northern Guaicuruan loanwords can be found in Terena.[7]

There are also many Tupi-Guarani loanwords in Terena and other southern Arawakan languages.[8]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p	t	(tʃ)	k	ʔ
	prenasal	ᵐb	ⁿd		ᵑɡ
Fricative	voiceless		s	ʃ		h
	prenasal		ⁿz	ⁿʒ
Nasal		m	n	(ɲ)
Tap			ɾ
Lateral			l	(ʎ)
Approximant		w ~ v		j

/w, ʃ, n, l/ may often be heard as [v, tʃ, ɲ, ʎ].[9]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i ĩ iː	(ɨ)	u ũ uː
Mid	e ẽ eː		o õ oː
	ɛ ɛː		ɔ ɔː
Low		a ã aː

[ɨ] is heard as an allophone of /i/.[10]

See also

• Terena Sign Language

References

На других языках

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- [en] Terêna language

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[ru] Терена (язык)

Терена (Etelena, Terêna) — язык, на котором говорят 15.000 бразилианцев (народ терена). У языка есть созданный словарь и написанная грамматика.

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