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Kawésqar (Qawasqar), also known as Alacaluf,[3] is a critically endangered language isolate spoken in southern Chile by the Kawésqar people. Originally part of a small family,[4] only the northern language remains. In 2009, only 7 elderly speakers of the language remained, most of them on Wellington Island off the southwestern coast of Chile.[2]

Kawésqar
Alacaluf
Kawésqar, Qawasqar
Native to	Chile
Region	Channel Region, western Patagonia, Wellington Island off south Chilean coast, 49° south, with centre in Puerto Edén.
Ethnicity	2,600 Alacaluf people (2002 census)[1]
Native speakers	7 (2009)[2]
Language family	Alacalufan Kawésqar
Language codes
ISO 639-3	alc
Glottolog	qawa1238
ELP	Kawésqar
Kawésqar is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
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Phonology

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e		o
Open	æ	a

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
Plosive	Plain	p	t	t͡ɕ	k	q	ʔ
	Ejective	pʼ	tʼ	t͡ɕʼ	kʼ
Fricative		f	s		x		h
Rhotic			r, ɾ
Approximant		w	l	j

Alphabet

The alphabet in use has the following letters: a, æ, c, c', e, f, h, i, j, k, k', l, m, n, o, p, p', q, r, rr, s, t, t', u, w, x. However, differences are reported between dialects, and some sounds are not represented.

Morphology and syntax

Kawésqar has a complex system of grammatical tense, which includes a basic morphological contrast between future, present, immediate past, recent past, distant past, and mythological past events.

See also

• Alacalufe people
• List of endangered languages in South America

Bibliography

• Aguilera Faúndez, Oscar (1978). Léxico Kawesqar-Español, Español-Kawesqar. Boletín de filología (Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras) 29.
• Aguilera Faúndez, Óscar (2001): Gramática de la lengua kawésqar. Temuco: Corporación de Desarrollo Indígena.
• Clairis, Christos (1987): El qawasqar. Lingüística fueguina. Teoría y descripción. Valdivia: Universidad Austral de Chile [Anejo de Estudios Filológicos 12].
• Pieter C. Muysken. 2004. The Languages of the Andes. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

References

External links

• Qawasqar dictionary online (select simple or advanced browsing)
• Alfabeto Kawésqar
• Kawésqar
• SerIndigena - Territorio Kawesqar
• Kawésqar at the World Atlas of Language Structures Online
• Chilean Languages Collection of Oscar Aguilera and José Tonko - including recordings and transcriptions of stories, myths, and conversations in Kawésqar at AILLA.
• Qawasqar (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)

На других языках

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- [en] Kawésqar language

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[es] Idioma kawésqar

El kawésqar, qawasqar, alacalufe o alacaluf es un idioma aislado o un conjunto de lenguas relacionadas,[1] hablado por los kawésqar o alacalufes, un pueblo indígena del sur de Chile y de Argentina. Se trata de una lengua cercana a la extinción, hablada solo por algunas decenas de personas en Puerto Edén. Tiene ortografía estandarizada y existen estudios de su gramática, así como un diccionario en construcción. Algunos autores distinguen dos variantes de kawésqar el aksaná o variante septentrional y el hekaine o variante meridional.

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[fr] Kawésqar (langue)

Le kawésqar (ou kawéskar, alakaluf, alacalufe, autonyme qawasqar) est une langue alakalufane parlée par le peuple Kawésqar au Chili, en Terre de Feu, actuellement dans la localité de Puerto Edén où sont réfugiés les derniers survivants.

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[ru] Кавескар (язык)

Кавескар (Aksana, Aksanás, Alacaluf, Alacalufe, Alakaluf, Halakwalip, Halakwulup, Hekaine, Kaueskar, Kawaskar, Kaweskar, Kawesqar, Kawésqar, Qawasqar, Qawashqar) — находящийся под угрозой исчезновения алакалуфский язык, на котором говорят алакалуфы, которые проживают на острове Веллингтон к югу от чилийского побережья (49 градусов к югу) области Чаннель на западе региона Патагония в Чили. Имеет диалект аксанас (аксана). Язык какауа иногда рассматривают как диалект, но он, как правильно, отображается как отдельный язык в справочнике Ethnologue. Языковая семья, содержащая эти два языка, известна как алакалуфская. Остаются только 20 носителей, половина из них живёт на острове Веллингтон, на юго-западном побережье Чили.

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