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The Bahnaric languages are a group of about thirty Austroasiatic languages spoken by about 700,000 people in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. Paul Sidwell notes that Austroasiatic/Mon–Khmer languages are lexically more similar to Bahnaric and Katuic languages the closer they are geographically, independently of which branch of the family they belong to, but that Bahnaric and Katuic do not have any shared innovations that would suggest that together they form a branch of the Austroasiatic family, rather forming separate branches.

Bahnaric
Geographic
distribution		Mainland Southeast Asia
Linguistic classificationAustroasiatic
  • Bahnaric
Proto-languageProto-Bahnaric
Subdivisions
  • Central Bahnaric
  • North Bahnaric
  • West Bahnaric
Glottologbahn1264
  Bahnaric

Languages


Internal diversity suggests that the family broke up about 3,000 years ago.[citation needed] North Bahnaric is characterized by a register contrast between breathy and modal voice, which in Sedang has tensed to become modal–creaky voice.

Lamam is a clan name of the neighboring Tampuon and Kaco’.

Sidwell (2009) tentatively classifies the Bahnaric languages into four branches, with Cua (Kor) classified independently as East Bahnaric.[1][2]

Unclassified Bahnaric languages of Cambodia include Mel, Khaonh, Ra’ong, and Thmon.[3]

Bahnaric

North Bahnaric


North Bahnaric consists of a dialect chain spoken to the north of the Chamic languages.[4] Sedang and Hre have the most speakers, each with about 100,000.

North
 

Jeh

 
 

Halang

 
 
 

Kayong

 
 
 

Romam–Kaco’

 
 
 

Takua

 
 
 

Monom (Bonam, Monam)

 
 
 

Todrah (Didrah, Modrah)

 
 
 

Sedang

 
 

Rengao

 
 

Hrê

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Other Northern Bahnaric languages, too poorly known to classify further, are Duan and Katua.


West Bahnaric


West Bahnaric is a dialect chain to the west of North Bahnaric,[5] Unlike the other Bahnaric languages to the east, the West Bahnaric languages were under Khmer rather than Chamic influence, and also by the Katuic languages as part of a Katuic-West Bahnaric sprachbund (Sidwell 2003).

Sidwell (2003) proposes the following West Bahnaric groupings, with Lavi branching off first, Jru'/Laven, Su', and Juk as forming a branch that had branched off secondarily, and the rest within a core group. Jru' and Brao each have tens of thousands of speakers, while the other languages have no more than 1,000 speakers each.


Central Bahnaric


Central Bahnaric is a language family divided by the Chamic languages,[5][6] Bahnar, Mnong, and Sre (Koho) each have over 100,000 speakers.

Kassang is a Bahnaric language (Sidwell 2003), though Ethnologue lists it as Katuic.

Sidwell (2002, quoted in Sidwell 2003) gives the following classification for the Central Bahnaric languages.[7] Note that Sidwell (2009) later classifies Cua as an independent branch, namely East Bahnaric.


Language diagrams


North Bahnaric[8]
North Bahnaric 
 Bahnar-Rengao-Sedang-Todrah-Monom 
 Sedang-Todrah-Monom 
 

Sedang

 
 

Todrah

 
 

Monom

 
 
 Bahnar-Rengao 
 

Bahnar

 
 

Rengao

 
 
 
 Halang-Jeh-Trieng-Kayong-Katua-Hre 
 Jeh-Trieng 
 

Jeh

 
 

Trieng

 
 
 

Kayong

 
 

Halang

 
 

Katua

 
 

Hre

 
 
 Lamamic 
 
 

Kaco

 
 

Romam

 
 
 
 

Lexical innovations


Paul Sidwell (2015:183)[9] lists the following Bahnaric lexical innovations that had replaced original Proto-Austroasiatic forms.

GlossProto-BahnaricProto-Austroasiatic
bone*kʦɨːŋ*cʔaːŋ
fire*ʔuɲ*ʔus
tongue*lpiət*lntaːk

References


  1. Sidwell, Paul. 2009. "How many branches in a tree? Cua and East (North) Bahnaric". In Evans, Bethwyn (ed). Discovering History Through Language: Papers in Honour of Malcolm Ross. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
  2. Sidwell, Paul. 2010. "Cua (Kor) historical phonology and classification Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine." Mon-Khmer Studies 39:105-122.
  3. Barr, Julie and Eric Pawley. 2013. Bahnaric Language Cluster survey of Mondul Kiri and Kratie Provinces, Cambodia. SIL International.
  4. Sidwell, Edmondson, & Gregerson. 2011. "The North Bahnaric Clade: A Computational Approach." In Srichampa, Sidwell & Gregerson (eds.) Austroasiatic Studies: papers from the ICAAL4: Mon-Khmer Studies Journal Special Issue No. 3, pp.23-37
  5. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-11. Retrieved 2012-04-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. "Central Bahnaric languages". www.anu.edu.au. Archived from the original on 2007-07-06.
  7. Sidwell, Paul (2002). "Genetic classification of the Bahnaric languages: a comprehensive review." Mon-Khmer Studies: A Journal of Southeast Asian Linguistics and Languages 32: 1-24.
  8. Here is a diagram of the divided Northern Bahnaric language family.
  9. Sidwell, Paul. 2015. "Austroasiatic classification." In Jenny, Mathias and Paul Sidwell, eds (2015). The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages. Leiden: Brill.

Further reading





На других языках

- [en] Bahnaric languages

[es] Lenguas bahnáricas

Las lenguas bahnáricas son un grupo de unas 30 o 40 lenguas austroasiáticas habladas por unas 700 000 personas en Vietnam, Camboya y Laos. Paul Sidwell demostró que dentro de las lenguas austroasiáticas cuanto mayor semejanza léxica tiene un grupo con los grupos bahnáricos y katuicas, tanto mayor cercanía geográfica tiene con estos grupos, aun cuando no existe una innovación común al bahnárico y el katuico que sugiera que estos dos grupos formen una rama. Eso sugiere que el área donde se hablan estos grupos es un área de difusión para el resto de grupos.

[fr] Langues bahnariques

Les langues bahnariques sont un groupe de langues môn-khmer parlées au Cambodge, au Laos et surtout au Viêt Nam. Elles sont nommées d'après les Bahnar, une population montagnarde du Viêt Nam.

[ru] Бахнарские языки

Бахнарские языки — группа, состоящая примерно из тридцати австроазиатских языков с общим числом носителей около 700 000 (носители живут во Вьетнаме, Камбодже и Лаосе. Пол Сидуэлл[en] отмечает, что бахнарские и катуйские языки становятся ближе к мон-кхмерским при географическом приближении, вне зависимости от группы; с другой стороны, у бахнарских и катуйских нет общих приобретений, означающих, что они относятся к одной ветви австроазиатских языков.


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