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Mentonasc (Occitan pronunciation: [meⁿtu'naʃk]; Mentonasco in Italian, Mentonnais or Mentonasque in French) is a Romance dialect historically spoken in and around Menton, France. It is classified as a dialect of Occitan and a sub-dialect of Vivaro-Alpine, with some strong influence from the neighbouring Intemelian Ligurian dialect spoken from Ventimiglia to San Remo.[1]

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Mentonasc
Mentonnais, Mentonasque, Mentonasco
Native to	France, Italy
Region	Menton, Roquebrune
Native speakers	Approximately 4,185 (2007) 2,868 in Menton & 1,317 in Roquebrune
Language family	Indo-European Italic Romance Western Romance Occitan Vivaro-Alpine Mentonasc
Dialects	Roquebrunasq
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Occitan: mentonasc

Classification

Mentonasc is considered to be a transitional language; it is an intermediate language between Occitan and Ligurian, which is why the classification of Mentonasc is often debated. However, it is traditionally assigned to the Occitan language by French scholars and to Ligurian dialects by Italian scholars.

The Mentonasc dialect bears strong similarities with the common alpine dialects, such as, Royasque or Pignasque. It differs quite significantly especially in the ear from Ligurian coastal dialects (Northern Italian), like those of Ventimiglia (Intemelio dialect) or Monaco (Monégasque dialect).

History

When the area of Menton was part of the Republic of Genoa and later of the Kingdom of Sardinia, Mentonasc was used in all of the coastal area between Monaco and Ventimiglia, and in the hinterland.

In the 19th century Mentonasc was used in the territories of the Free Cities of Menton & Roquebrune, an independent statelet created in connection with the Italian Risorgimento.

When France annexed the Free Cities in 1861, Mentonasc began its decline, substituted by the French language.

Geographic distribution

The Mentonasc dialect is currently spoken by about 10% of the population in Menton, Roquebrune, and the surrounding villages (Castellar, Castillon, Gorbio, Sainte-Agnès, Moulinet and Sospel). Now the language is being taught within the French educational system, as a variety of Niçard (i.e. Provençal and Occitan), so this may change.

Official status

No countries currently have Mentonasc as an official language.

Vocabulary

Below is a chart of some nouns and verbs found in French, translated into Mentonasc.

French	Mentonasc
accôtement	bor dou camen, riba (n.f.)
accouchement	part (n.m.)
accoucher	partouri (v.)
accoucheuse	baila, couchusa, coumà (n.f.)
accouder	acoudâ, pountelâ (v.)
accoudoir	bras (n.m.)
accouplement	acoubiament (n.m.)
accoupler	acoubiâ (v.)
accourir	veni vitou (v.)
accoutrer	gimbrâ, arnesca (v.)
accoutumer	acousturiâ, abituâ (v.)
accrediter	acreditâ (v.)
accroc	set (n.m.), sgarahura(n.f.) (de langage) :sgarran (n.m.)
accrocher	acrouchâ, pendè, aganità (v.)
accroissement	creishament (n.m.)
accroitre	creishe (v.)
accroupir	acougounâ, cougounà (v.)
accueil	acueilh (n.m.)
accueillir	aculhi (v.)
acculer	aculà (v.)
accumulateur	acumulatoù (n.m.)
accumulation	amourounament, acumulacian (n.m.)
accumuler	amourounà, acumulà (v.)
accuser	acusà (v.)
acerbe	pougnent, aspre (adj.)
aceré	pounchû (adj.)
achalander	ashalandà (v.)
acharnement	acharnament (n.m.)
acharner	encagnâ, acharnâ (v.)
achat	acat (n.m.), coumpra (n.f.)
acheminer	encaminà, stradâ, adraiâ, enstradà (v.)
acheter	acatà, catà (v.)
achever	feni (v.)
acide	aigre (adj.) âchidou (n.m. ;adj)
acidité	aigrou, aigrura, achidità (nf)
acolyte	coumpars (n.m.)
acompte	acuenti (n.m.)
acoquiner	s’acouquinà (v.)
acoustique	acoustica (n.f.), acousticou (adj.)
acquérir	catâ, aquistà (v.)
acquisition	aquîst (n.m.)
acquitter	aquitâ, pagà (v.)
âcre	àsperou (adj.)
acrobate	acroubat (n.m.)
acropole	acroupolà (n.f.)
acte	atou (n.m.)
acteur (trice)	atoû (n.m.), atrisse (n.f.)
actif	ativou (adj.)
action	assian (n.f.)
actionner	assiounâ (v.)
activité	atività (n.f.)
actualité	atualitâ (n.f.)

[3]

Literature

There are some texts and songs that have been published recently in Menton (most from the twentieth century.)

Among the various publications: A Lambrusca de Paigran (la Vigne vierge de Grand-père) by Jean-Louis Caserio, illustrations by M. and F. Guglielmelli, SAHM, Menton, 1987. Brandi Mentounasc, Livret de Poésies Bilingue by Jean Ansaldi, 2010. Ou Mentounasc per ou Bachelerà, le Mentonasque au Baccalauréat, by JL Caserio, 5th edition, 2008., etc.

Examples

Video of the National Anthem of Menton being sung in Mentonasc

References

• Caserio, J. (2005, April 24). Lexiques français Mentonnais et Mentonnais Français. Retrieved February 10, 2016, from http://www.sahm06.com/spip.php?article14
• Dalbéra (1984) = Dalbéra, Jean-Philippe. Les parlers des Alpes Maritimes : étude comparative, essai de reconstruction [thesis], Toulouse: Université de Toulouse 2, 1984 [éd. 1994, London: Association Internationale d’Études Occitanes]
• Sumien (2009) = Sumien, Domergue. "Classificacion dei dialèctes occitans", Lingüistica Occitana 7, Septembre de 2009, p. 1-44. ISSN
• Venturini (1983) = Venturini, Alain. "Le parler mentonasque", Lou Sourgentin 56, April 1983

Notes

На других языках

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- [en] Mentonasc dialect

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[fr] Mentonasque

Le mentonasque (ou mentonnais) est le parler de Menton et des communes environnantes, dans les Alpes-Maritimes. Il est considéré comme intermédiaire entre l’occitan (vivaro-alpin) et le ligure intémélien, mais il possède des traits vivaro-alpins structurels[1] et il est revendiqué localement comme occitan[2],[3],[4]

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[it] Dialetto mentonasco

Il mentonasco o mentonese (nome nativo mentounasc, in ligure mentunascu, in francese mentonasque) è varietà dialettale della lingua ligure con forti influenze della lingua occitana del cantone di Mentone, nel dipartimento delle Alpi Marittime in Francia. È intermedio fra il dialetto intemelio del ligure ed il dialetto vivaro-alpino dell'occitano. In questo idioma lo si nomina e lo scrive come ou mentounasc secondo la norma mistraliana. Lo si pronuncia in tutti i casi [u meⁿtu'naʃk], impiegando l'articolo ou (davanti ad una consonante).

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