lingvo.wikisort.org - Language

Monégasque (Ligurian: munegàscu; Italian: monegasco; French: monégasque) is the variety of Ligurian spoken in Monaco, where it is considered a national language, even though it is not the official language of the country, which is French.

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (January 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the French article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 5,099 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Monégasque]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|fr|Monégasque}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Monégasque
munegascu
Native to	Monaco
Ethnicity	8,400 have Monegasque nationality (2016)[1]
Native speakers	(ca. 20 cited for 1950)[2] nearly extinct, but taught in school as a heritage language
Language family	Indo-European Italic Romance Western Gallo-Romance Gallo-Italic Ligurian Monégasque
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	mone1238
Linguasphere	51-AAA-cha
IETF	lij-MC
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Monégasque is officially taught[3] in the schools of Monaco, but is the native language of only a handful of people. In Monaco-Ville, some street signs are printed in both French and Monégasque.[4]

Classification

Forming a part of the Western Romance dialect continuum, Monégasque shares many features with the Genoese dialect. Though similar to the dialect of Ventimiglia, it does differ from the Menton dialect. It shares similarities also with the Niçard dialect of the Occitan language.

Monegasque, like all other Ligurian language variants, is derived directly from the Vulgar Latin of what is now northwestern Italy and southeastern France and has some influence in vocabulary, morphology and syntax from French and related Gallo-Romance languages, but most words are more like Italian.

Before the annexation of the County of Nice to France in 1860, the Niçois spoke a dialect very similar to Monégasque.[5]

Speakers

It is spoken in addition to French by Monégasques, mostly within the small nation of Monaco. As Monégasques are only a minority in Monaco, the language was threatened with extinction in the 1970s.

However, Monégasque is now being taught as a second language in schools, and its continuance is regarded as secured.^{[citation needed]} In the old part of Monaco, street signs are written in Monégasque and French.

Relation to Italian

Italian is also a major language in Monaco. Italian nationals make up some 20% of Monaco's 35,000 permanent residents. Italian was the official language of Monaco when it was a protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont from 1814 to 1861, leaving a legacy in some Monégasque words.[6] Indeed, for a long time after the Renaissance, Monaco was the most westerly part on the Mediterranean coast of the Republic of Genoa.

During the fascist occupation in 1942–43, the Principality of Monaco was incorporated into Italy and Monégasque was again considered an Italian dialect. After World War II there were nearly 10,000 Italians in Monte Carlo, and some of them (descendants of the followers of Giuseppe Garibaldi, who were forced to move from Nice to the Kingdom of Italy after 1861) even spoke Monégasque fluently.

Orthography

Monégasque orthography generally follows Italian principles, with the following exceptions:

• ⟨ü⟩ represents [ʏ]
• ⟨œ⟩ represents [e]
• ⟨ç⟩ represents [s]

Grammar

Present tense -à

	Singular	Plural
1st person	-u	-amu
2nd person	-i	-è
3rd person	-a	-u(n)

Esse (être)

	Singular	Plural
1st person	sun	semu
2nd person	si	si
3rd person	è	sun

Avè (Avoir)

	Singular	Plural
1st person	o	amu
2nd person	ai	avi
3rd person	a	an

Samples

Below is an excerpt from the Monégasque national anthem, written by Louis Notari. In addition, there is an older French version of the anthem; its lyrics have a different meaning. The choice between the two forms is generally subject to the occasion and the circumstance.

The following is a Monégasque rendering of the Hail Mary:[7]

See also

• Languages of Monaco
• Languages of Europe
• Languages of Italy

References

External links

• Poems read in Monegasque
• Grammaire Monégasque

На других языках

---

[de] Monegassischer Dialekt

Das Monegassische (Eigenbezeichnung: munegascu) ist ein italoromanischer bzw. galloitalischer Dialekt, der nicht zum angrenzenden (okzitanischen) Provenzalischen, sondern zur ligurischen Sprache gehört, die in der benachbarten italienischen Region Ligurien gesprochen wird. Hierin erklärt sich auch die hohe Anzahl von Wörtern, die mit dem Genuesischen, der in Genua gesprochenen Variante des Ligurischen, übereinstimmen. Außerdem gibt es, im Unterschied zu den benachbarten provenzalischen Dialekten, keine langen Vokale.

---

- [en] Monégasque dialect

---

[es] Dialecto monegasco

El monegasco (autoglotónimo munegascu) es una variedad vernácula del Principado de Mónaco. Lingüísticamente representa un dialecto del ligur con algunas influencias léxicas del occitano y el francés, ya que tiene grandes similitudes con las variedades occitanas de Menton y Roquebrune, aunque Mónaco no se considera un enclave ligur ya que se encuentra en tierras lingüísticamente occitanas.

---

[fr] Monégasque

Le monégasque (endonyme : munegascu /mune'gaʃku/) est un dialecte ligure, parlé historiquement en principauté de Monaco, mais moins pratiqué de nos jours malgré sa présence aux programmes scolaires dès le premier et le second degrés. Il s'agit d'une langue vernaculaire qui fut importée en Provence par la république de Gênes lors de la prise du Rocher en juin 1191, assez proche de l'intémélien mais différente du mentonasque voisin. Le problème de sa survie se pose dans un pays de 39 000 habitants où cohabitent 138 nationalités différentes et où les monégasques sont minoritaires.

---

[it] Dialetto monegasco

Il monegasco (nome nativo monegasco[2] o munegascu[3]; AFI: /mune'gasku/) è la varietà ligure propria del Principato di Monaco, assai affine al vicino dialetto intemelio della provincia di Imperia. È riconosciuto come lingua nazionale del Principato di Monaco (a fronte del francese come lingua ufficiale).

---

[ru] Монегаскский диалект

Монега́скский диалект (монегасский; самоназвание — Munegascu) — родной язык монегасков — подданных Княжества Монако. Точное число говорящих неизвестно, однако самих монегасков насчитывается 7634 человека, или 21,6 % от всего населения княжества (данные переписи 2008 года[1]).

---

---