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Coahuilteco was one of the Pakawan languages that was spoken in southern Texas (United States) and northeastern Coahuila (Mexico). It is now extinct.

Coahuilteco
Native to	Mexico, United States
Region	Coahuila, Texas
Ethnicity	Quems, Pajalat, etc.
Extinct	not attested after 18th century
Language family	Hokan ? Coahuiltecan ? Pakawan Coahuilteco
Dialects	Pajalat
Language codes
ISO 639-3	xcw
Linguist List	xcw
Glottolog	coah1252
Coauhuilteco language
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Classification

Coahuilteco was grouped in an eponymous Coahuiltecan family by John Wesley Powell in 1891, later expanded by additional proposed members by e.g. Edward Sapir. Ives Goddard later treated all these connections with suspicion, leaving Coahuilteco as a language isolate. Manaster Ramer (1996) argues Powell's original more narrow Coahuiltecan grouping is sound, renaming it Pakawan in distinction from the later more expanded proposal.[1] This proposal has been challenged by Campbell,[2] who considers its sound correspondences unsupported and considers that some of the observed similarities between words may be due to borrowing.

Sounds

Consonants

		Bilabial	Inter- dental	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar		Glottal
							plain	labial
Nasal		m		n
Plosive/ Affricate	plain	p		t	ts	tʃ	k	kʷ	(ʔ)
	ejective	pʼ		tʼ	tsʼ	tʃʼ	kʼ	kʷʼ
Fricative			(θ)	s		ʃ	x	xʷ	h
Approximant	plain			l		j		w
	ejective			lʼ

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i / iː		u / uː
Mid	e / eː		o / oː
Open		a / aː

Coahuilteco has both short and long vowels.[3]

Syntax

Based primarily on study of one 88-page document, Fray Bartolomé García's 1760 Manual para administrar los santos sacramentos de penitencia, eucharistia, extrema-uncion, y matrimonio: dar gracias despues de comulgar, y ayudar a bien morir, Troike describes two of Coahuilteco's less common syntactic traits: subject-object concord and center-embedding relative clauses.[4][5]

Subject-Object Concord

In each of these sentences, the object Dios 'God' is the same, but the subject is different, and as a result different suffixes (-n for first person, -m for second person, and -t for third person) must be present after the demonstrative tupo· (Troike 1981:663).

Center-embedding Relative Clauses

Troike (2015:135) notes that relative clauses in Coahuilteco can appear between the noun and its demonstrative (NP --> N (Srel) Dem), leading to a center-embedding structure quite distinct from the right-branching or left-branching structures more commonly seen in the world's languages.

One example of such a center-embedded relative clause is the following:

The Coahuilteco text studied by Troike also has examples of two levels of embedding of relative clauses, as in the following example (Troike 2015:138):

See also

• Coahuiltecan languages
• Coahuiltecan people

References

Bibliography

• Goddard, Ives (Ed.). (1996). Languages. Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-048774-9.
• Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
• Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978–present). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 1-20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. (Vols. 1-3, 16, 18-20 not yet published).
• Troike, Rudolph. (1996). Coahuilteco (Pajalate). In I. Goddard (Ed.), Languages (pp. 644–665). Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution.

External links

• Coahuiltecan Indians
• Reassessing Cultural Extinction: Change and Survival at Mission San Juan Capistrano, Texas – Chapter 8: Linguistics

На других языках

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[de] Coahuiltekisch

Coahuiltekisch, auch Coahuilteco (ISO 639-3: xcw), ist eine indigene amerikanische Sprache, welche im südlichen Texas und im Nordosten Mexikos verbreitet war. Die coahuiltekischen Dialekte sind alle ausgestorben. Coahuiltekisch war die Sprache der Coahuiltec-Völker.

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- [en] Coahuilteco language

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[es] Idioma coahuilteco

El Coahuilteco (también llamado Pajalate) fue una lengua aislada que se habló en el sur de Texas, Estados Unidos, y en el noreste de México. Fue hablado por los coahuiltecos, una tribu de nómadas que habitaban esta zona, además de la mitad del territorio actual de Coahuila y Tamaulipas.

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[fr] Coahuilteco

Le coahuilteco (ou pajalate) est une langue amérindienne isolée qui était parlée au Sud du Texas et au Nord-Est du Mexique. La langue est éteinte

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[ru] Коавильтекский язык

Коавильтекский язык (коавильтеко или пахалате) — изолированный язык, распространённый ранее на юге Техаса и северо-востоке Мексики среди племени квемов, или коавильтеков. Исчез в середине 20 в.

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