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Intha and Danu constitute southern Burmish languages of Shan State, Burma, spoken by the Danu and Intha people. They are considered dialects of Burmese by the Government of Myanmar.

Intha-Danu
Pronunciation	dənuʔ
Native to	Burma
Region	Inle Lake, Shan State
Ethnicity	Intha, Danu
Native speakers	ca. 200,000 (2000–2007)[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman) Lolo–Burmese Burmish Southern (see Burmese dialects) Intha-Danu
Dialects	Danu Intha
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either: dnv – Danu int – Intha
Glottolog	inth1238

Danu is spoken by the Danu people, Intha by the Intha, a group of Bamar descendants who migrated to Inle Lake in Shan State. Both are spoken by about 100,000.[1] Both are characterized by a retention of the /-l-/ medial (for the following consonant clusters in Intha: /kl- kʰl- pl- pʰl- ml- hml-/). Examples include:

• "full": Standard Burmese ပြည့် ([pjḛ]) → ပ္လည့် ([plḛ]), from old Burmese ပ္လည်
• "ground": Standard Burmese မြေ ([mjè]) → မ္လေ ([mlè]), from old Burmese မ္လိယ်

There is no voicing with the presence of either aspirated or unaspirated consonants. For instance, ဗုဒ္ဓ (Buddha) is pronounced [boʊʔda̰] in standard Burmese, but [poʊʔtʰa̰] in Intha. This is probably due to influence from the Shan language.

Furthermore, သ (/θ/ in standard Burmese) has merged to /sʰ/ (ဆ) in Intha.

Rhymes

Rhyme correspondences to standard Burmese follow these patterns:[2]

Written Burmese	Standard Burmese	Intha	Notes
-ျင် -င်	/-ɪɴ/	/-ɛɴ/
-ဉ်	/-ɪɴ/	/-ɪɴ/
ိမ် -ိန် ိုင်	/-eɪɴ -eɪɴ -aɪɴ/	/-eɪɴ/
-ျက် -က်	/-jɛʔ -ɛʔ/	/-aʔ/
-တ် -ပ်	/-aʔ/	/-ɛʔ/
-ည်	/-ɛ, -e, -i/	/-e/	/-i/ if initial is a palatal consonant
ိတ် ိပ် ိုက်	/-eɪʔ -eɪʔ -aɪʔ/	/-aɪʔ/

Rhymes

Open syllables	weak = ə full = i, e, ɛ, a, ɔ, o, u
Closed	nasal = ɪɴ, eɪɴ, ɛɴ, aɴ, ɔɴ, oʊɴ, ʊɴ stop = ɪʔ, aɪʔ, ɛʔ, aʔ, ɔʔ, oʊʔ, ʊʔ

Vocabulary

Danu has noticeable vocabulary differences from standard Burmese, spanning areas such as kinship terms, food, flora and fauna, and daily objects.[3] For example, the Danu term for 'cat' is mi-nyaw (မိညော်), not kyaung (ကြောင်) as in standard Burmese.[3]

Kinship terms

Term	Standard Burmese	Danu
Father	အဖေ	အဘ
Grandfather	အဘိုး	ဘကြီး
Grandmother	အဘွား	မေကြီး
Mother	အမေ	အမေ
Stepmother	မိထွေး	အဒေါ်
Elder brother	အစ်ကို	ကိုရင်
Elder sister	အစ်မ	မမ
Brother-in-law[4]	ခဲအို	အနောင်
Uncle	ဦးလေး	အမင်း

References

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