lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageGepo (Köpu; autonym: ko˧pʰo˥[2] or ko˥pʰu˨˩[3]) is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China spoken by 100,000 people. The speakers' autonym is kɔ˨˩, while the "-po" of "Gepo" means 'people'.[4] It is spoken in 6 villages of Fumin County, eastern Luquan County, and other adjacent counties to the northeast.
Loloish language spoken in Yunnan, China
Gepo |
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Native to | China |
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Ethnicity | Yi |
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Native speakers | 100,000 (2007)[1] |
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Language family | |
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ISO 639-3 | Either:
ygp – Gupo
yyz – Ayizi |
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Glottolog | gepo1234 |
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ELP | Ayizi |
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Gao (2017)[5] classifies Geipo (autonym: ke˥pʰo˨˩) as a Central Ngwi language. In Wuding County, it is spoken by 250 people in Gubai Village, Shishan Township and by 30 people in Yaoying Village, Shishan Township in Micha-majority villages.
Distribution and varieties
Gupo 古泼 (autonym: ko˥pʰo˨˩) is spoken in Mile, Songming, Xundian, Zhanyi, Luoping, Shizong, Luxi, Shilin, Luliang, Yiliang, Fuyuan, Qiubei, Luquan, Huize, and Yiliang counties by about 100,000 speakers.[6] Gupo speakers are also referred as the White Yi 白彝, Gan Yi 甘彝, and Little White Yi 小白彝.[6]
The Ayizi 阿夷子 of Aimailong Village 爱买龙,[7] Shilin County refer to themselves as Ge, and may thus speak a language related to Gepo (Bradley 2007).[8] It is also spoken in Banqiao Township 板桥乡, and other parts of Beidacun 北大村乡.[9]
Epo 峨颇 (autonyms: ŋo˧phu˨˩, ŋo˧) is an Eastern Yi language variety spoken by about 8,000 people in the following villages of Longlin, Napo, and Xilin counties in western Guangxi.[10]
- Longlin County (5,000+ people)
- De'e Township 德峨乡: Agao 阿稿 (main datapoint), Nadi 那地, Zhebang 者帮, Nongbao 弄保, Tangshi 塘石, etc., in 10 villages total
- scattered in the townships of Zhelang 者浪, Zhuchang 猪场, Changfa 场发, Kechang 克场, and Yancha 岩茶
- Napo County (2,000+ people): Dala 达腊, Zhexiang 者祥, Nianbi 念毕, Powu 坡五, etc.
- Xilin County (about 1,000 people): Bada Town 八达镇 (Yanla 岩腊 village, etc.)
A similar dialect called Wopu 窝普 is reported in Xingyi, Guizhou and Luoping County, Yunnan.[11] The Luoping County Gazetteer (1995:601) reports that Wopu 窝普 (also called Large Black Yi 大黑彝) is spoken in:
- Majie township 马街镇: Dayiben 大以本, Jiudaogou 九道沟, Jigu 吉古
- Agang township 阿岗乡: Satuge 洒土格
Guopu 果铺 is reported in Weining County, Guizhou.[12]
References
- Gupo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Ayizi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - Chen Shilin [陈士林], et al. 1985. Yiyu jianzhi [彝语简志], p.108. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社].
- Yunnan Province Ethnic Minority Languages Gazetteer (云南省志:少数民族语言文字志), p.30
- Bradley, David. 2005. "Sanie and language loss in China".International Journal of the Sociology of Language. Volume 2005, Issue 173, Pp. 159–176.
- Gao, Katie B. 2017. Dynamics of Language Contact in China: Ethnolinguistic Diversity and Variation in Yunnan. PhD Dissertation: University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.
- Wang Chengyou [王成有]. 2003. Yiyu Fangyan Bijiao Yanjiu [彝语方言比较研究]. Chengdu: Sichuan People's Press [四川民族出版社]. ISBN 7540927658
- "石林彝族自治县石林镇小密枝村委会爱买龙自然村". Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- Bradley, David. 2007. "East and Southeast Asia."
- https://asiaharvest.org/wp-content/uploads/people-groups/China/chinaPeoples/A/Ayizi.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- Li Shengfu 李生福. 2007. 彝语峨颇话概况. 《民族语文》2007年第6期.
- http://asiaharvest.org/wp-content/themes/asia/docs/people-groups/China/chinaPeoples/W/Wopu.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- http://asiaharvest.org/wp-content/themes/asia/docs/people-groups/China/chinaPeoples/G/Guopu.pdf [bare URL PDF]
Languages of China |
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Official | |
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Regional | ARs / SARs | |
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Prefecture | |
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Counties/Banners | numerous |
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Indigenous | Sino-Tibetan languages |
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Lolo- Burmese | Mondzish | |
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Burmish | |
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Loloish | Hanoish | |
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Lisoish | |
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Nisoish | |
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Other | |
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Qiangic | |
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Tibetic | |
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Other | |
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| Other languages |
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Austroasiatic | |
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Hmong-Mien | |
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Mongolic | |
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Kra-Dai | |
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Tungusic | |
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Turkic | |
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Other |
- Sarikoli (Indo-European)
- Tsat (Austronesian)
- Formosan languages (Austronesian)
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Minority | |
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Varieties of Chinese | |
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Creole/Mixed | |
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Extinct | |
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Sign | |
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- GX = Guangxi
- HK = Hong Kong
- MC = Macau
- NM = Inner Mongolia
- XJ = Xinjiang
- XZ = Tibet
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Sino-Tibetan branches |
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Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
- West Himalayish
- Tamangic
- Newaric
- Kiranti
- Dhimalish
- Lepcha
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Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) | |
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Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border | "Naga" |
- Ao
- Angami–Pochuri
- Meitei
- Tangkhulic
- Zeme
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Sal |
- Boro–Garo
- Konyak
- Jingpho–Luish
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East and Southeast Asia | Burmo-Qiangic |
- Qiangic
- Ersuic
- Naic
- Lolo-Burmese
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Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
- Hrusish
- Kho-Bwa
- Miju–Meyor
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Proposed groupings |
- Central Tibeto-Burman
- Kuki-Chin–Naga
- Greater Bai
- Mahakiranti
- Rung
- Tibeto-Burman
- Tibeto-Kanauri
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Proto-languages |
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman
- Proto-Loloish
- Proto-Karenic
- Proto-Min
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Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. |
Lolo-Burmese languages |
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Mondzish | Thou-Kathu | |
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Nuclear Mondzish | |
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Loloish (Yi) (Ngwi) | Southern Loloish (Southern Ngwi) (Hanoish) | Hanoid | |
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Bisoid | |
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Siloid | |
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Bi-Ka | |
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Mpi | |
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Jino | |
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Central Loloish (Central Ngwi) | Lawoish | |
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Lahoish | |
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Nusoish | |
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Lisoish | |
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Kazhuoish | |
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Nisoish | Northern Loloish (Northern Ngwi) (Nisoid) | |
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Southeastern Loloish (Southeastern Ngwi) (Axi-Puoid) | Nisu | |
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Sani–Azha | |
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Highland Phula | |
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Riverine Phula | |
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others | |
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Burmish | Northern | High Northern | |
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Hpon | |
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Mid Northern | |
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Southern | Intha-Danu | |
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Nuclear Southern | |
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Gong ? | |
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Pai-lang | |
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