lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageNortheastern Tasmanian is an aboriginal language family of Tasmania in the reconstruction of Claire Bowern.[1]
Language in Tasmania, Australia
Northeastern Tasmanian |
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Ethnicity | Northeastern, Ben Lomond, and North Midland tribes of Tasmanians |
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Geographic distribution | NE Tasmania |
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Linguistic classification | Possibly one of the world's primary language families (see Tasmanian languages) |
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Subdivisions |
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Glottolog | nort1442 |
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Tasmanian language families per Bowern (2012).
Northeastern Tasmanian |
Languages
Bayesian phylogenetic analysis suggests (at either p < 0.15 or p < 0.20) that three Northeastern Tasmanian languages are recorded in the 26 unmixed Tasmanian word lists (out of 35 lists known). According to Bowern's analysis, the Lhotsky and Backhouse/Walker lists, which do not record their provenance, together with the "Eastern" Jorgenson list, attest to a previously unidentified language in the northeastern family, as does the "Norman" list of Charles Sterling. The other lists attest to a single language, though the dialect of the Tamar River region (North Midlands tribe) is divergent, and Dixon & Crowley consider it to be a distinct language.[2] There are thus tentatively up to four attested Northeastern Tasmanian languages:
These languages cannot be shown to be related to other Tasmanian languages based on existing evidence.[3]
Two of the word lists reported to be from Oyster Bay (see Eastern Tasmanian languages) contain substantial Northeastern admixture, as the authors traveled along the coast collecting "Tasmanian" words, which Bowern believes to be responsible for several classifications linking the languages of the east coast. However, once that admixture is accounted for, the apparent links disappear.[1]
References
- Claire Bowern, September 2012, "The riddle of Tasmanian languages", Proc. R. Soc. B, 279, 4590–4595, doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1842
- Crowley, T; Dixon, R. M. W. (1981). "Tasmanian". In Dixon, R. M. W.; Blake, B. J. (eds.). Handbook of Australian languages. Vol 2. Canberra: Australian National University Press. pp. 394–421.
- Bowern (2012), supplement.
Primary language families |
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Africa | |
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Eurasia (Europe and Asia) | |
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New Guinea and the Pacific |
- Arai–Samaia
- Austronesian
- Binanderean–Goilalan
- Border
- Bulaka River
- Central Solomons
- Chimbu–Wahgi
- Demta–Sentani
- Doso–Turumsa
- East Geelvink Bay
- East New Britain
- East Strickland
- Eleman
- Engan
- Fas
- Foja Range
- Kaure–Kosare
- Kiwaian
- Kutubuan
- Lakes Plain
- Lower Mamberamo
- Lower Sepik
- Madang
- Mairasi
- North Bougainville
- Pauwasi
- Ramu
- Senagi
- Senu River
- Sepik
- Skou
- South Bougainville
- Teberan
- Torricelli
- Trans-Fly
- Trans–New Guinea
- Turama–Kikorian
- Upper Yuat
- West Papuan
- Yam
- Yawa
- Yuat
- Northwest Papuan?
- Papuan Gulf?
| Isolates | |
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Australia | |
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North America | |
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Mesoamerica | |
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South America |
- Andoque–Urequena
- Arauan
- Araucanian
- Arawakan
- Arutani–Sape
- Aymaran
- Barbacoan
- Boran
- Cahuapanan
- Cariban
- Catacaoan
- Chapacuran
- Charruan
- Chibchan
- Choco
- Chonan
- Guaicuruan
- Guajiboan
- Harákmbut–Katukinan
- Jirajaran
- Jivaroan
- Katembri–Taruma
- Mascoian
- Matacoan
- Nadahup
- Nambikwaran
- Otomákoan
- Pano-Tacanan
- Peba–Yaguan
- Quechuan
- Piaroa–Saliban
- Ticuna–Yuri
- Timotean
- Tiniguan
- Tucanoan
- Tupian
- Uru–Chipaya
- Witotoan
- Yanomaman
- Zamucoan
- Zaparoan
- Bora–Witoto languages?
- Chimuan?
- Esmeralda–Yaruro?
- Hibito–Cholón?
- Lule–Vilela?
- Macro-Jê?
- Tequiraca–Canichana?
| Isolates (extant in 2000) | |
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Sign languages | | Isolates |
- See list of sign languages
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See also |
- Constructed languages
- Creoles
- Language isolates
- Mixed languages
- Pidgins
- Unclassified languages
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- Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
- Families in italics have no living members.
- Families with more than 30 languages are in bold.
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Australian Aboriginal and Tasmanian languages |
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Pama–Nyungan subgroups | Southeastern | Victorian P–N | |
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New South Wales P–N | |
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North Coast |
- Durubalic
- Bandjalangic
- Gumbaynggiric
- Waka–Kabic
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Northern | | Paman |
- Northern Paman
- Middle Paman
- Lamalamic
- Southwest Paman
- Southern Paman
- Flinders Island
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Maric |
- Northern
- Eastern
- Southern
- Bidyara–Gungabula
- Margany–Gunya
- Bindal ?
- Guwa–Yanda ?
- Kingkel ?
- Lower Burdekin ?
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Dyirbalic | |
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Yimidhirr–Yalanji–Yidinic |
- Guugu Yimidihirr
- Kuku Yalanji
- Yidiny
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Gulf | |
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Central | Arandic–Thura–Yura | |
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Karnic |
- Northern (Palku)
- Western
- Central
- Eastern
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Western | Yolŋu | |
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Ngarna/Warluwarric | |
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Desert Nyungic |
- Marrngu
- Ngumpin–Yapa
- Wati
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South-West P–N |
- Pilbara
- Ngayarda
- Kanyara–Mantharta
- Kartu–Nhanda
- Mirning
- Nyunga
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Others | |
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Tangkic | |
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Garrwan |
- Garawa (Garrwa, north)
- Waanyi (Wanji, south)
- Gunindiri (Kurnindirri, southwest)
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Macro-Gunwinyguan ? | Maningrida | |
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Marran | |
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Gunwinyguan proper | Western | |
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Central |
- Bininj Kunwok (Kunwinjku, Gunwinggu)
- Kunbarlang
- Dalabon (Ngalkbun)
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Eastern | |
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Yangmanic–Wagiman? | |
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other isolates | |
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Iwaidjan | Central (Warrkbi) | |
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Eastern (Goulburn Island) | |
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Southern | |
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Marrku–Wurrugu ? | |
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Darwin Region ? | | Limilngan–Wulna? | |
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Umbugarlic | |
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Daly River Sprachbund | |
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Mirndi |
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Jarrakan | |
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Bunuban | |
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Worrorran | |
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Nyulnyulan | Western (Nyulnyulic) | |
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Eastern (Dyukun) | |
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isolates | |
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Tasmanian family-level groups | Western |
- Northwestern Tasmanian (Peerapper)
- Southwestern Tasmanian (Toogee) ?
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Northern | |
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Northeastern | |
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Eastern | |
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Aboriginal Tasmanians |
- Dolly Dalrymple
- Wauba Debar
- Daniel Geale
- William Lanne
- Luggenemenener
- Mannalargenna
- Michael Mansell
- Fanny Cochrane Smith
- Truganini
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Tasmanian tribes | |
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Aboriginal history |
- Black War
- Cape Grim massacre
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Tasmanian languages | |
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See also: List of Indigenous Australian group names |
- By state or territory
- New South Wales
- Northern Territory
- Queensland
- South Australia
- Tasmania
- Victoria
- Western Australia
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