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Cocos Malay is a post-creolized variety of Malay, spoken by the Cocos Malays of Home Island, Christmas Island, and those originally from the Cocos Islands currently living in Sabah.[1]

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Indonesian. (January 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Indonesian Wikipedia article at [[:id:Bahasa Melayu Cocos]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|id|Bahasa Melayu Cocos}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Malay. (January 2022) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Malay Wikipedia article at [[:ms:Bahasa Melayu Cocos]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|ms|Bahasa Melayu Cocos}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Cocos Islands Malay
Basa Pulu Cocos/Basa Pulu Keling
Native to	Australia, Malaysia
Region	Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Sabah
Ethnicity	4,000 in Malaysia (2000)[1]
Native speakers	(1,100 in Australia cited 1987)[1]
Language family	Creole Malay-based creole Betawi (Jakartan Malay) Cocos Islands Malay
Language codes
ISO 639-3	coa
Glottolog	coco1260
ELP	Cocos Islands Malay

Cocos Malay derives from the Malay trade languages of the 19th century, specifically the Betawi language.[2] Malay is offered as a second language in schools, and Indonesian has prestige status; both are influencing the language, bringing it more in line with standard Malay.[3] There is also a growing influence of English, considering the Islands having been an Australian territory and globalization drifting modern terms into the daily parlance. In 2009, Cocos Malay students were prohibited from using their own language and failure to comply resulted in punishment in the form of "speaking tickets" which meant that they were required to carry out cleaning duties in school.[4] However, this form of language restriction ended by 2011.[5]

Characteristics

It has the following characteristics:

• Javanese influence: cucut "shark", kates "papaya", walikat "shoulderblade" etc.
• First-person and second-person singular "gua" "lu", from Hokkien.
• Causative verb "kasi".
• "Ada" not only means "there is ...", but also is the progressive particle.
• Possessive marker "punya".
• Third person indefinite "ong", from orang "person"[6]

Phonology

Vowels

Vowels Table[7]

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Mid	e	ə	o
Low		a

Consonants

Consonants Table[7]

	Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Plosive & affricate	p       b	t̪	d	tʃ     dʒ		k       g		(ʔ)
Nasal	m		n		ɲ	ŋ
Fricative			s				ʁ	(h)2
Approximant	w				j
Lateral approximant			l

There are three ways in which Cocos Malay differs from Standard Malay and Indonesian:[7]

1. The uvular [ʁ] which always occurs intervocalically is present in Coco Malay but not in Standard Malay or Indonesian.
2. Certain consonants, [f v ʃ z], which occur in Standard Malay are not present in Cocos Malay.
3. With regard to the [h] amongst the three languages, the [h] in Cocos Malay is often dropped, especially in word-initial position. Examples include:

Standard Malay	Cocos Malay	English Gloss
[ˈhisap˺]	[ˈisap˺]	'suck'
[ˈhuta̪ n]	[ˈuta̪ n]	'forest'
[ˈhiduŋ]	[ˈiduŋ]	'nose'
[ˈhaus]	[ˈaus]	'thirsty'

References

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