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The Banjar or Banjarese (Basa Banjar; Jaku Banjar) is an Austronesian language predominantly spoken by the Banjarese—an indigenous ethnic group native to Banjar regions— in the southeastern Kalimantan of Indonesia. The Banjarese language is the de facto lingua franca for various indigenous community especially in South Kalimantan, as well as Central Kalimantan (notably in Seruyan Regency and Sukamara Regency) and East Kalimantan in general.

Banjarese
Basa Banjar Jaku Banjar
Native to	Indonesia
Region	South Kalimantan Central Kalimantan East Kalimantan
Ethnicity	Banjarese
Native speakers	L1: 4,127,124 (2010 census)[1] L1 & L2: ~10,650,000
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Malayic Banjarese
Standard forms	Standard Banjarese
Dialects	Banjar Hulu (Pahuluan Banjarese)[2][3] Batangbanyu Banjarese Kuala Banjarese[4][5]
Writing system	Latin (predominantly) Jawi (sometimes)
Official status
Official language in	South Kalimantan (co-official)
Development body	Language Development Center of the Republic of Indonesia South Kalimantan Linguistic Center Banjarmasin Linguistic Center
Language codes
ISO 639-3	bjn
Glottolog	banj1241
Linguasphere	31-MFA-fd
Show where Banjarese language is co-official Show the native land of Banjarese language
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Apart from the native Banjarese in Indonesia, the Banjarese language also spoken by little Banjarese diaspora abroad (such as in Brunei, Malaysia (notably in Sabah and Perak), and Singapore), however they tend to not use it as their primary language, and their fluency degree is questionable.

Dialects

There are at least three divisions of dialects within the Banjarese language:

1. Batangbanyu Banjarese
2. Kuala Banjarese[4][5]
3. Pahuluan Banjarese[2][3]

According to Cense,[6] the Pahuluan Banjarese are predominantly spoken by Banjarese people in the South Hulu Sungai Regency and North Hulu Sungai Regency regions.

Phonology

Consonants

The consonantal inventory of Banjarese language is shown below. All but [ʔ] occur at the onset of a syllable:[7]

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p	t	tʃ	k	(ʔ)
	voiced	b	d	dʒ	ɡ
Fricative			s			h
Lateral			l
Rhotic			r
Approximant		w		j

• [ʔ] is an allophone of /k/ at the end of a word.

• The following consonants can close a CVC syllable: /p t k m n ŋ s h r l/. Words cannot begin with consonant clusters. Within a root, an NC sequence will always be homorganic, though reduplication and a few prefixes such as sing- can produce other sequences, e.g. /ŋb, ŋp, ŋt, ŋr, ŋl, kr, /. Other medial sequences include /kt/, /kn/, /ŋn/, /nɲ/, /st/, /sn/, /hk/, /hj/, /lk/ and /rɡ/.[2]

Vowels

Sudarmo finds 5 monophthongs:[7]

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	ɛ	(ə)	o
Open		a

[ə] is an allophone of /ɛ/.

Durasid finds 3 monophthongs and 3 diphthongs in Pahuluan Banjarese:[2]

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Open		a

Regionally, /a/ has an allophone [ə] and /u/ has an allophone [ɔ]. The diphthongs are /ai/, /au/, /ui/. Loans with /e/ or /o/ are assimilated to these three vowels. E.g. kréték is realized as [karitik].

Alphabet

The standard alphabet is as follows:[8]

Alphabet
a	b	c	d	é	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	ny	ng	o	p	r	s	t	u	w	y
Phonetic value
a	b	tʃ	d	ɛ	ɡ	h	i	dʒ	k	l	m	n	ɲ	ŋ	o	p	r	s	t	u	w	j

Sample text

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The following texts are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Banjarese language along with the original declaration in English.

English[9]	Banjarese
Universal Declaration of Human Rights	Pranyatan Hak Urang Barataan
Article 1	Ujah 1
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.	Sagala urang hiput babar lik sapala awak barataan. Urang sanyaan dibari nugaraha baakal maigungakan, handak bakawalan nang mambawa sumangat sapaadingan.

Simple conversation

Here are examples of simple conversation in Banjarese language:

Banjarese	sapa ngaran pian?
English	what is your name?

Banjarese	ngaran ulun ...
English	my name is ...

Banjarese	ulun handak bailang kasidin
English	I want to visit there

Banjarese	lawas ka lagian hanyar tuntung gawian pian?
English	is it still long for you to finish your work?

Banjarese	ulun dibari uma wadai
English	I was given a cake by a woman

Expression

Here are examples of expressions in Banjarese language:

Standard Banjarese	bahindang bahindala
Literal translation	the color is lit
Meaning	striking or colorful sight

Standard Banjarese	gawi sabumi baimbai
Literal translation	work on a land together
Meaning	mutual cooperation

Standard Banjarese	hirang mamburit rinjing
Literal translation	as black as the bottom of wok
Meaning	(racial slur) black people

Standard Banjarese	kaguguran andaru
Literal translation	something fall
Meaning	windfall

Standard Banjarese	yaindang yaimput
Literal translation	pensive and shrink
Meaning	stuck (about mindset)

See also

• Banjar people
• Banjarese architecture
• Banjarmasin
• South Kalimantan
• Paradisec

References

Bibliography

External links

На других языках

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[de] Banjaresische Sprache

Die Banjaresische Sprache ist eine malayo-polynesische Sprache und ist die Muttersprache des banjaresischen Volkes in südlichen Borneo in Indonesien.

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- [en] Banjarese language

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[fr] Banjar (langue)

Le banjar ou bandjar est une langue austronésienne parlée en Indonésie, dans les provinces de Kalimantan du Sud et de Kalimantan oriental, dans l'île de Bornéo. Un petit groupe de locuteurs est présent au Sabah, en Malaisie. La langue appartient à la branche malayo-polynésienne des langues austronésiennes.

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[ru] Банджарский язык

Банджа́рский язык (бандж. Bahasa Banjar, بهاس بنجر) — язык банджаров, один из малайско-полинезийских языков австронезийской языковой семьи. Численность носителей — 5,9 млн. Распространён в Южном Калимантане, а в качестве лингва-франка почти по всему индонезийскому Калимантану.

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