Shixing, also rendered Shuhi, is a poorly-attested Qiangic language of Sichuan and the Tibet Autonomous Region. Two-thirds of its speakers are monolingual.
Shixing | |
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Shuhi | |
Native to | China |
Native speakers | 1,800 (2000)[1] |
Language family | Sino-Tibetan
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Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | sxg |
Glottolog | shix1238 |
ELP | Shixing |
Shixing is also known by its Tibetan name Xumi (旭米 Xùmǐ); it is spoken by about 1800 people living by the Shuiluo River 水洛 in Shuiluo Township 水洛乡, Mili Tibetan Autonomous County.[2]
Katia Chirkova reports two varieties.[3]
![]() | This section uses color as the only way to convey important information. (May 2022) |
Xumi features a very unusual phonemic contrast between voiceless /ʎ̥/ and voiced /ʎ/ alveolo-palatal lateral approximants.[4][5]
Labial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||
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Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal | |||||||
Nasal | voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ɲ̊ | ŋ̊ | ||||
voiced | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||||
Plosive | aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | qʰ | ||||
plain | p | t | k | q | |||||
voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɢ | |||||
Affricate | aspirated | tsʰ | tʃʰ | ʈʂʰ | tɕʰ | ||||
plain | ts | tʃ | ʈʂ | tɕ | |||||
voiced | dz | dʒ | ɖʐ | dʑ | |||||
Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | ʂ | ɕ | x | χ | h | |
voiced | z | ʒ | ʐ | ʑ | ɣ | ʁ | ɦ | ||
Lateral | voiceless | l̥ | ʎ̥ | ||||||
voiced | l | ʎ | |||||||
Approximant | ɹ | j | w |
In the table above, gold phonemes only appear in the Upper Xumi dialect while blue phonemes only appear in the Lower Xumi dialect. All others appear in both Upper and Lower Xumi.
Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
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Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
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Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) | |||||
Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border |
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East and Southeast Asia |
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Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
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Proposed groupings |
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Proto-languages |
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Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. |
Na-Qiangic languages | |||||||||||||||||||
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Naic |
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Ersuic | |||||||||||||||||||
Qiangic |
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Cross (†) and italics indicate extinct languages. |
Languages of China | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Regional |
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Indigenous |
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Varieties of Chinese | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Extinct | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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