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Oroqen (/ˈɒrətʃɛn, ˈɒroʊ-/; also known as Orochon, Oronchon, Olunchun, Elunchun or Ulunchun) is a Northern Tungusic language spoken in the People's Republic of China. Dialects are Gankui and Heilongjiang. Gankui is the standard dialect.[2] It is spoken by the Oroqen people of Inner Mongolia (predominantly the Oroqin Autonomous Banner) and Heilongjiang in Northeast China.

Oroqen
Native to	China
Region	Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang
Ethnicity	Oroqen
Native speakers	1,200 (2009)[1]
Language family	Tungusic Northern Evenki Oroqen
Language codes
ISO 639-3	orh
Glottolog	oroq1238
ELP	Oroqen

Since the 1980s, Oroqen-language materials were produced by teachers in Oroqen-speaking areas. They based the language's orthography either on IPA or Pinyin. A majority of Oroqen speakers use Chinese as a literary language and some also speak Daur.

Geographic distribution

Oroqen is spoken in the following counties of China (Ethnologue).

• Heilongjiang province
  • Da Hinggan Ling: Huma County and Tahe County
  • Heihe: Xunke County
  • Yichun: Jiayin County and Heihe City
• Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
  • Hulunbuir: Oroqen Autonomous Banner

Dialects

• Birarchen
• Kumarchen
• Orochen
• Selpechen (in Heilongjiang)
• Gankui (in Inner Mongolia)

The Gankui dialect is used as the standard dialect for the Oroqen language.

Phonology

Consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p	t	t͡ʃ	k
	voiced	b	d	d͡ʒ	ɡ
Fricative		ɸ		ʃ	x [ɣ]	[h]
Rhotic			r
Approximant			l	j	w

• Allophones of /x/ are heard as [ɣ], [h].
• A bilabial /ɸ/ can also be heard as a labio-dental [f].
• A rhotic trill /r/ tends to sound as a tap [ɾ], when occurring word-finally.

Vowels

	Front		Central	Back
High	i iː	y		u uː
Near-high	ɪ ɪː			ʊ ʊː
High-mid	eː		ə əː	o oː
Low-mid	ɛː			ɔ ɔː
Low				ɑ ɑː

• /ə, əː/ are often heard as lower sounds [ɐ, ɐː].
• Short allophones of /o, u/ are heard as [ɵ, ʉ].[3]

Notes

External links

• Oroqen Vocabulary List (from the World Loanword Database)
• Oroqen Swadesh vocabulary list of basic words (from Wiktionary's Swadesh list appendix)
• Oroqen alphabet from Omniglot

На других языках

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- [en] Oroqen language

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[fr] Oroqen (langue)

L'oroqen, également appelé orochon, oronchon, olunchun, elunchun et ulunchun, est une langue toungouse parlée en Chine dans la province du Heilongjiang, en Mongolie-Intérieure et peut-être en Sibérie orientale. Ses locuteurs, au nombre de 1 200, dont 800 monolingues, font partie de la nationalité oroqen. Des programmes radio sont diffusés en oroqen.

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