lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageOroqen (; also known as Orochon, Oronchon, Olunchun, Elunchun or Ulunchun) is a Northern Tungusic language spoken in the People's Republic of China. Dialects are Gankui and Heilongjiang. Gankui is the standard dialect.[2] It is spoken by the Oroqen people of Inner Mongolia (predominantly the Oroqin Autonomous Banner) and Heilongjiang in Northeast China.
Language
Oroqen |
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Native to | China |
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Region | Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang |
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Ethnicity | Oroqen |
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Native speakers | 1,200 (2009)[1] |
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Language family | |
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ISO 639-3 | orh |
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Glottolog | oroq1238 |
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ELP | Oroqen |
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Since the 1980s, Oroqen-language materials were produced by teachers in Oroqen-speaking areas. They based the language's orthography either on IPA or Pinyin. A majority of Oroqen speakers use Chinese as a literary language and some also speak Daur.
Geographic distribution
Oroqen is spoken in the following counties of China (Ethnologue).
- Heilongjiang province
- Da Hinggan Ling: Huma County and Tahe County
- Heihe: Xunke County
- Yichun: Jiayin County and Heihe City
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Dialects
- Birarchen
- Kumarchen
- Orochen
- Selpechen (in Heilongjiang)
- Gankui (in Inner Mongolia)
The Gankui dialect is used as the standard dialect for the Oroqen language.
Phonology
Consonants
|
Bilabial |
Alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
Velar |
Glottal |
Nasal |
m |
n |
ɲ |
ŋ |
|
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless |
p |
t |
t͡ʃ |
k |
|
voiced |
b |
d |
d͡ʒ |
ɡ |
|
Fricative |
ɸ |
|
ʃ |
x [ɣ] |
[h] |
Rhotic |
|
r |
|
|
|
Approximant |
|
l |
j |
w |
|
- Allophones of /x/ are heard as [ɣ], [h].
- A bilabial /ɸ/ can also be heard as a labio-dental [f].
- A rhotic trill /r/ tends to sound as a tap [ɾ], when occurring word-finally.
Vowels
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
High |
i iː |
y |
| u uː |
Near-high |
ɪ ɪː |
|
ʊ ʊː |
High-mid |
eː |
ə əː |
o oː |
Low-mid |
ɛː |
ɔ ɔː |
Low |
|
|
ɑ ɑː |
- /ə, əː/ are often heard as lower sounds [ɐ, ɐː].
- Short allophones of /o, u/ are heard as [ɵ, ʉ].[3]
Notes
- "Oroqen". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2018-05-07.
- Raymond G. Gordon Jr., ed. 2005, Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- Hu, Zengyi (1986). Elunchun-yu jianzhi [Concise grammar of Oroqen]. Beijing: National Minorities Publ. pp. 3–19.
External links
Languages of China |
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Official | |
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Regional | ARs / SARs | |
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Prefecture | |
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Counties/Banners | numerous |
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Indigenous | Sino-Tibetan languages |
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Lolo- Burmese | Mondzish | |
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Burmish | |
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Loloish | Hanoish | |
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Lisoish | |
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Nisoish | |
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Other | |
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Qiangic | |
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Tibetic | |
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Other | |
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| Other languages |
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Austroasiatic | |
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Hmong-Mien | |
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Mongolic | |
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Kra-Dai | |
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Tungusic | |
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Turkic | |
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Other |
- Sarikoli (Indo-European)
- Tsat (Austronesian)
- Formosan languages (Austronesian)
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Minority | |
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Varieties of Chinese | |
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Creole/Mixed | |
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Extinct | |
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Sign | |
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- GX = Guangxi
- HK = Hong Kong
- MC = Macau
- NM = Inner Mongolia
- XJ = Xinjiang
- XZ = Tibet
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Tungusic languages |
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Northern (Ewenic) | |
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Udegheic | |
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Southern (Jurchenic-Nanaic) | |
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- † dead, split or changed languages.
- 1 Classification disputed.
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На других языках
- [en] Oroqen language
[fr] Oroqen (langue)
L'oroqen, également appelé orochon, oronchon, olunchun, elunchun et ulunchun, est une langue toungouse parlée en Chine dans la province du Heilongjiang, en Mongolie-Intérieure et peut-être en Sibérie orientale. Ses locuteurs, au nombre de 1 200, dont 800 monolingues, font partie de la nationalité oroqen. Des programmes radio sont diffusés en oroqen.
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