Namuyi (Namuzi; autonym: na54 mʑi54) is a poorly attested Tibeto-Burman and more specifically Naic language of Sichuan and Tibet. It has also been classified as Qiangic by Sun Hongkai (2001) and Guillaume Jacques (2011). The eastern and western dialects have low mutual intelligibility. In Sichuan, it is spoken in Muli County and Mianning County. The language is endangered[2] and the number of speakers with fluency is decreasing year by year, as most teenagers do not speak the language, instead speaking the Sichuan dialect of Chinese.[3]
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Namuzi | |
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Namuyi | |
Native to | China |
Native speakers | 5,000 (2007)[1] |
Language family | Sino-Tibetan
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Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | nmy |
Glottolog | namu1246 |
ELP | Namuyi |
![]() Namuyi is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger |
Namuyi is a language spoken in the following four villages of southern Sichuan:[4]
It is also spoken in Muli and Yanyuan of the Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture and Jiulong County in the Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture.[4]
The Namuyi language is subdivided into two different dialects, the dialect of spoken by the people around Muli, and the dialect of those spoken in Mianning. The dialects differ mainly in phonology, where the Mianning and Yanyuan dialect have few consonant clusters as opposed to the Mianning and Xichang dialect.[5]
There are 40 single-consonant initials in the Namuyi language.[5] Namuyi also has ten phonemic vowels, /i/ for [i], /e/ for [e], /ɛ/ for [ɛ], /ɨ/ for [ʃ,ɯ] /ʉ/ for [y], /ə/ for [ə], /a/ for [a], /u/ for [u], /o/ for [o], and /ɔ/ for [ɔ].[3] There is no phonological vowel length, though speakers can lengthen a vowel in the first syllable at times to emphasize a word.[3][6]
Bilabial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||
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plain | trilled | plain | trilled | |||||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||
Stop | voiceless | p | pʙ | t | tʙ | k | q | (ʔ) | ||
voiced | b | bʙ | d | dʙ | ɡ | ɢ | ||||
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | qʰ | ||||||
Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | tʂ | t͡ɕ | ||||||
voiced | d͡z | dʐ | d͡ʑ | |||||||
aspirated | pʰ͡s, pʰ͡ʂ | t͡sʰ | tʂʰ | t͡ɕʰ | ||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʂ | x | χ | ||||
voiced | v | z | ʐ | ʁ | ɦ | |||||
Approximant | voiceless | l̥ | ||||||||
voiced | w | l | j |
Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
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Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
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Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) | |||||
Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border |
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East and Southeast Asia |
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Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
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Proposed groupings | |||||
Proto-languages |
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Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. |
Na-Qiangic languages | |||||||||||||||||||
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Naic |
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Ersuic | |||||||||||||||||||
Qiangic |
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Cross (†) and italics indicate extinct languages. |
Languages of China | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Regional |
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Indigenous |
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Minority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Varieties of Chinese | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Creole/Mixed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Extinct | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sign |
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