lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageEsmeralda–Yaruro or Takame–Jarúroan, is a proposed connection between two unclassified languages of Venezuela and Ecuador: Yaruro (Llaruro, Pumé, Yuapín), 6000 speakers, and the extinct Esmeralda (Esmeraldeño, Takame). They would be only distantly related, but Kaufman (1990) finds the connection convincing, and Campbell (2012) believes the connection is promising.[1]
Proposed language family of Venezuela
| Esmeralda–Yaruro |
|---|
|
Geographic
distribution | Venezuela |
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| Linguistic classification | Proposed language family |
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| Subdivisions |
|
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| Glottolog | None |
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References
- Campbell, Lyle (2012). "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America". In Grondona, Verónica; Campbell, Lyle (eds.). The Indigenous Languages of South America. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 59–166. ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3.
- Kaufman, Terrence (1990). "Language History in South America: What we know and how to know more". In Doris L. Payne (ed.). Amazonian Linguistics. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Primary language families |
|---|
| Africa | |
|---|
Eurasia
(Europe
and Asia) | |
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New Guinea
and the Pacific | |
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| Australia | |
|---|
North
America | |
|---|
| Mesoamerica | |
|---|
South
America | | Isolates
(extant in 2000) | |
|---|
|
|---|
Sign
languages | | | Isolates |
- See list of sign languages
|
|---|
|
|---|
| See also |
- Constructed languages
- Creoles
- Language isolates
- Mixed languages
- Pidgins
- Unclassified languages
|
|---|
- Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
- Families in italics have no living members.
- Families with more than 30 languages are in bold.
|
Indigenous language families and isolates of South America
(based on Campbell 2012 classification) |
|---|
Language families
and isolates | | Je–Tupi–Carib |
|
|---|
| Eastern Brazil | |
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| Orinoco (Venezuela) |
|
|---|
| Andes (Colombia and Venezuela) | |
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| Amazon (Colombia, Japurá–Vaupés area) | |
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| Pacific coast (Colombia and Ecuador) | |
|---|
| Pacific coast (Peru) | |
|---|
| Amazon (Peru) | |
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| Amazon (west-central Brazil) | |
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| Mamoré–Guaporé | |
|---|
| Andes (Peru, Bolivia, and Chile) | |
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| Chaco–Pampas | |
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| Far South (Chile) | |
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|
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| Proposed groupings | |
|---|
| Linguistic areas |
- Chaco
- Mamoré–Guaporé
- Amazonian
|
|---|
| Countries |
- Argentina
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Colombia
- Chile
- Ecuador
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Venezuela
- Guyana
- Suriname
- French Guiana
|
|---|
| Lists |
- Languages
- Extinct languages
- Unclassified languages
- Classification
- Linguistic areas
|
|---|
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