The Jarrakan (formerly Djeragan) languages are a small family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northern Australia. The name is derived from the word jarrak, which means "language" in Kija.
Jarrakan | |
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Djeragan | |
Geographic distribution | from Halls Creek to Wyndham and Kununurra along the Ord River in the eastern Kimberley region |
Linguistic classification | One of the world's primary language families |
Subdivisions |
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Glottolog | jarr1235 |
![]() Jarrakan languages (purple), among other non-Pama-Nyungan languages (grey) |
The three main Jarrakan languages are:
These are divided into two groups: Kijic, consisting of only Kija, and Miriwoongic, consisting of Miriwoong and Gajirrawoong; Dixon (2002) considers the latter to be a single language.
Doolboong may also have been a Jarrakan language, but this uncertain as it is extinct and essentially unattested.
Capell (1940) lists the following basic vocabulary items:[1]
English | Gidja | Guluwarin | Miriwun | Gadjerong |
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man | djiːlin | djiɣilin | djawalaŋ | djɔːmaŋ |
woman | ŋaːlil | ŋaːlil | gawilaŋ | gabilaŋ |
head | guŋgulïn | dumun | gaminduŋ | guɽunjuŋ |
eye | muːlu | mɔːla | mɔːl | moːl |
nose | manil | njiganïn | njumbur | njumbur |
mouth | ḏuwundïn | ḏuwundïn | ḏalala | ḏabandaṉ |
tongue | ḏalalan | ḏalalan | ḏalala | ḏalalaŋ |
stomach | djaːm | daɽwun | galdjän | raːriːŋ |
bone | gwïdji | daːlïn | jaːriŋ | jaːriŋ |
blood | gjauəlïn | gjauldji | garŋan | guŋulu |
kangaroo | djiːriṉ | djiriṉ | djiːriŋ | djiːriŋ |
opossum | laŋguṉ | naŋguṉ | guman | guman |
emu | wanjäbal | madjugul | madjuguŋ | |
crow | waŋgaɳa | wɔŋgaral | waŋgariŋ | waŋgadiŋ |
fly | buɳul | wurŋäl | ŋurin | ŋurin |
sun | baːndil | baːndil | gaŋiriṉ | baːndiṉ |
moon | gaɳgiṉ | gaɳgiṉ | gangiŋ | gaɳgiŋ |
fire | maɳiṉ | gidjauəlïn | gadjaːwilaŋ | maːnuŋ |
smoke | wangiṉ | dulubgari | ḏuŋgi | ḏuŋgiṉ |
water | guːɭiṉ | goːliṉ | gäluŋ | gaːbuŋ |
Australian Aboriginal and Tasmanian languages | |||||||||||||||||
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Pama–Nyungan subgroups |
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Tangkic | |||||||||||||||||
Garrwan | |||||||||||||||||
Macro-Gunwinyguan ? |
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Iwaidjan |
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Marrku–Wurrugu ? | |||||||||||||||||
Darwin Region ? |
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Daly River Sprachbund |
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Mirndi |
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Jarrakan |
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Bunuban |
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Worrorran | |||||||||||||||||
Nyulnyulan |
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isolates | |||||||||||||||||
Tasmanian family-level groups |
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