lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageBerik is a Papuan language spoken in eastern Papua. Speakers are located in four village groups on the Tor River towards the northern coast of Indonesian-controlled Irian Jaya.[2]
Tor language spoken in Indonesia
| Berik |
|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
|---|
| Region | Tor Atas district, Sarmi Regency |
|---|
Native speakers | (1,200 cited 1994)[1] |
|---|
Language family | |
|---|
Writing system | Latin |
|---|
|
| ISO 639-3 | bkl |
|---|
| Glottolog | beri1254 |
|---|
US linguist John McWhorter cited Berik as an example of a language which puts concepts "together in ways more fascinatingly different from English than most of us are aware".[3] Illustrating this, in the phrase Kitobana (meaning "[he] gives three large objects to a male in the sunlight"), affixes indicating time of day, object number, object size, and gender of recipient are added to the verb.[3][4][5]
Locations
In Tor Atas District, Berik is spoken in Beu, Bora Bora, Dangken, Doronta, Kondirjan, Safrontani, Sewan, Somanente, Taminambor, Tenwer, Togonfo, and Waf villages.[6]
Phonology
Consonants
|
Labial |
Alveolar |
(Alveolo-) palatal |
Velar |
| Nasal |
m [m] |
n [n] |
|
ng [ŋ] |
Plosive & affricate |
voiceless |
p [p] |
t [t] |
|
k [k] |
| voiced |
b [b] |
d [d] |
j [d͡ʑ] |
g [ɡ] |
| Fricative |
f [f] |
s [s] |
|
|
| Approximant |
|
l [l] |
y [j] |
w [w] |
| Tap |
|
r [ɾ] |
|
|
Vowels
Berik has the common six vowel system (/a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ plus /ə/).[7]
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
| Close |
i [i] |
|
u [u] |
| Mid |
e [e] |
ə [ə] |
o [o] |
| Open |
|
a [a] |
|
Sample
- Angtaneʻ bosna Usafe je gatas tarnap ge nuin. Tesa ga belim taban, ga jes talebowel.
- "There was once a person named Usafe who lived near the sago acreages. Whenever he finished cutting down a sago tree, he pounded it"[8]
Notes
- Berik at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Matthews, "Berik Literacy Program", p. 109
- McWhorter, "No Tears for Dead Tongues"
- "Difficult languages--Tongue twisters--In search of the world’s hardest language", Economist, New York,Dec 17th 2009.
- John McWhorter,"No Tears For Dead Tongues", Forbes,2/21/2008 @ 6:00PM.
- Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Indonesia languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
- Westrum, "A Grammatical Sketch of Berik," p. 137
- Taken from Jones, "In Pursuit of Discourse Particles", p. 130
References
- Jones, Linda K. (1992), "In Pursuit of Discourse Particles", in Hwang, Shin Ja J.; Merrifield, William R. (eds.), Language in context: Essays for Robert E. Longacre (PDF), Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington Publications in Linguistics, 107, Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington, pp. 127–36, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-16
- Matthews, Delle P. (1990), "The Berik Literacy Program: From Illiteracy to National Language Proficiency", Irian: Bulletin of Irian Jaya, 18: 109–24
- McWhorter, John (21 March 2008), "No Tears for Dead Tongues", Forbes, retrieved 2011-05-09
- Westrum, Peter N. (1988), "A Grammatical Sketch of Berik", Irian: Bulletin of Irian Jaya, 16: 137
Languages of Indonesia |
|---|
Western languages |
|---|
| Malayo-Sumbawan | |
|---|
| Javanese | |
|---|
| Celebic | |
|---|
| Lampungic | |
|---|
Northwest Sumatra– Barrier Islands | |
|---|
| South Sulawesi | |
|---|
| Barito | |
|---|
| Kayan–Murik | |
|---|
| Land Dayak | |
|---|
| North Bornean | |
|---|
| Philippine languages | | Central Philippine | |
|---|
| Gorontalo-Mongondow | |
|---|
| Minahasan | |
|---|
| Sangiric | |
|---|
|
|---|
|
|
Central-Eastern languages |
|---|
| Aru | |
|---|
| Central Maluku | |
|---|
| Flores–Lembata | |
|---|
Halmahera- Cenderawasih | |
|---|
| Kei-Tanimbar | |
|---|
| Selaru | |
|---|
| Sumba–Flores | |
|---|
| Timor–Babar | |
|---|
| Western Oceanic | |
|---|
|
|
Papuan languages |
|---|
| North Halmahera | |
|---|
| Timor–Alor–Pantar | |
|---|
| Asmat–Mombum | |
|---|
| West Bird's Head | |
|---|
| South Bird's Head | |
|---|
| East Bird's Head | |
|---|
| West Bomberai | |
|---|
| Dani | |
|---|
| Paniai Lakes | |
|---|
| Digul River | |
|---|
| Foja Range | |
|---|
| Lakes Plain | |
|---|
| East Cenderawasih Bay | |
|---|
| Yawa | |
|---|
| Demta–Sentani | |
|---|
| Ok | |
|---|
| Momuna–Mek | |
|---|
| Skou | |
|---|
| South Pauwasi | |
|---|
| East Pauwasi | |
|---|
| West Pauwasi | |
|---|
| Kaure–Kosare | |
|---|
| Marind–Yaqai | |
|---|
| Bulaka River | |
|---|
| Kayagar | |
|---|
| Border | |
|---|
| Senagi | |
|---|
| Mairasi | |
|---|
| Kolopom | |
|---|
| Yam | |
|---|
| Lower Mamberamo | |
|---|
| Others | |
|---|
|
|
Other languages |
|---|
| Creoles and Pidgins |
| Other creoles and pidgins | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Immigrant languages | | Chinese | |
|---|
| European | |
|---|
| Indian | |
|---|
| Middle Eastern | |
|---|
| Others | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Sign languages | |
|---|
|
|
Tor–Kwerba languages (Foja Range) |
|---|
| Orya–Tor | |
|---|
| Kwerbic | |
|---|
| Nimboran | |
|---|
| other | |
|---|
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