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Galela is the second most populous Papuan language spoken west of New Guinea, with some 80,000 speakers. Its dialects are Kadai (41,000), Morotai (24,000), Kadina (10,000), and Sopi (4,000). Its closest relative is the Loloda language.

Galela
Native to	Indonesia
Region	North Halmahera
Native speakers	(79,000 cited 1990)[1]
Language family	West Papuan North Halmahera Galela–Tobelo Galela
Language codes
ISO 639-3	gbi
Glottolog	gale1259

Galela is spoken on the eastern side of the northern tip of Halmahera island (in Galela district and in neighbouring villages in Tobelo and Loloda districts), on Morotai Island to the north, on the Bacan and Obi islands to the south of Halmahera, and in scattered settlements along the southwest coast. All are in North Maluku province of Indonesia.

Phonology

The following sound inventory is based on Shelden (1998).[2]

Vowels

Galela has a simple five vowel system: /a/, /i/, /u/, /e/, /o/.

Consonants

Galela orthography largely follows Indonesian spelling conventions. If orthography differs from IPA, the orthography is in ⟨brackets⟩.

		Labial	Alveolar		Palato-alveolar/ Palatal	Velar	Glottal
			Laminal	Apical
Nasal		m	n		ɲ ⟨ny⟩	ŋ ⟨ng⟩
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p	t		t͡ʃ ⟨c⟩	k
	voiced	b	d̻ ⟨ḋ⟩	d̺ ⟨d⟩	d͡ʒ ⟨j⟩	g
Fricative		ɸ ⟨f⟩	s				h
Flap			ɾ
Lateral			l
Semivowel		w			j ⟨y⟩

Grammar

Pronouns

Galela has two free pronoun sets, and two sets of bound pronominal prefixes.[2][3][4] The use of the pronominal prefixes is governed by semantic alignment: actor prefixes are used to index the S-argument of active intransitive verbs and the A-argument of transitive verbs, while undergoer prefixes index the S-argument of stative intransitive verbs and the P-argument of transitive verbs.

	independent	possessive	actor	undergoer
1.sg.	ngohi	ai	to-	i-
2.sg.	ngona	ani	no-	ni-
3.sg.masc.	una	awi	wo-	wi-
3.sg.fem.	muna	ami	mo-	mi-
1.pl.incl.	ngone	nanga	po-	na-
1.pl.excl.	ngomi	mia	mi-	mi-
2.pl.	ngini	nia	ni-	ni-
3.pl. human	ona	manga	yo-	ya-
3. non-human	i	ma	i-	ḋa-

External links

• Materials on Galela are included in the open access Arthur Capell collection (AC2) held by Paradisec.

References

На других языках

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- [en] Galela language

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[fr] Galela

Le galela est une langue d'Indonésie parlée dans les îles de Halmahera, Morotai, Gunage, Moari, Bacan, Obi dans la province des Moluques du Nord.

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[ru] Галела (язык)

Галела — один из западнопапуасских языков, распространён на севере острова Хальмахера, в провинции Северное Малуку (Индонезия), на побережье залива Галела, а также на нескольких мелких близлежащих островках (Гунаге, Моари, Мандиоли, Лабутиа и др.). По данным Ethnologue, количество носителей данной группы языков составляло примерно 79 000 чел. в 1990 году[1].

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