lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageTidore is a North Halmahera language of Indonesia. The language is centered on the island of Tidore, but it is also spoken in some areas of the neighbouring Halmahera. It is unlike most languages in Indonesia which belong to the Austronesian language family. Tidore and other North Halmahera languages are perhaps related to languages of the Bird's Head Peninsula, West Papua.[5][6]
West Papuan language spoken in Indonesia
Tidore |
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Native to | Indonesia |
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Region | North Maluku, islands of Tidore, Maitara, Mare, northern half of Moti, and some areas of west coast of Halmahera |
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Native speakers | (26,000 cited 1981)[1] 20,000 L2 speakers (1981)[2] |
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Language family | |
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Writing system | Latin script, Arabic script (historically)[3][4] |
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|
ISO 639-3 | tvo |
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Glottolog | tido1248 |
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ELP | Tidore |
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Location in Southeast Asia |
Coordinates: 0°1′N 127°44′E |
It is closely related to Ternate,[5] of which it is sometimes considered a dialect.[7] Both Ternate and Tidore are notable for being the only non-Austronesian languages of east Nusantara to have established literary traditions prior to first European contact.[3][4]
Phonology
Consonants
|
Labial |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
Nasal |
m |
n |
ɲ |
ŋ |
|
Plosive |
voiceless |
p |
t |
c |
k |
|
voiced |
b |
d |
ɟ |
ɡ |
|
Fricative |
f |
s |
|
|
h |
Lateral |
|
l |
|
|
|
Tap |
|
ɾ |
|
|
Approximant |
w |
|
j |
|
|
A flap consonant can be heard as alveolar or post-alveolar [ɾ̠].[8]
Vowels
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
Close |
i |
|
u |
Mid |
e |
|
o |
Open |
|
a |
|
References
- Tidore at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Tidore at Ethnologue (14th ed., 2000).
- Warnk, Holger (2010). "The coming of Islam and Moluccan-Malay culture to New Guinea c.1500–1920". Indonesia and the Malay World. 38 (110): 109–134. doi:10.1080/13639811003665454. S2CID 162188648.
- Taylor, Paul Michael (1988). "From mantra to mataráa: Opacity and transparency in the language of Tobelo magic and medicine (Halmahera Island, Indonesia)". Social Science & Medicine. 27 (5): 430. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(88)90365-6. PMID 3067356.
- Lewis, M. Paul (2009). "Tidore - A language of Indonesia (Maluku)". Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. SIL International. Archived from the original on 2018-01-01.
- Senft, Gunter; Linguistics, Australian National University Pacific (2008). Serial verb constructions in Austronesian and Papuan languages. Pacific Linguistics, Research School Of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
- "Bahasa Ternate". Peta Bahasa (in Indonesian). Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
- Pikkert, Joost J. J. and Cheryl M. (1995). A first look at Tidore phonology. Wyn D. Laidig (ed.), Descriptive studies in languages of Maluku, part II. pp. 43–70.
West Papuan languages |
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West Papuan | West Bird's Head | |
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Central Bird's Head | |
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North Halmahera | Sahu | |
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Galela–Tobelo | |
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Ternate-Tidore | |
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Others | |
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|
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Others | |
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|
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Extended West Papuan | East Bird's Head –Sentani | East Bird's Head | |
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Demta–Sentani | |
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Others | |
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|
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Yawa | |
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|
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Languages of Indonesia |
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|
Central-Eastern languages |
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Aru | |
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Central Maluku | |
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Flores–Lembata | |
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Halmahera- Cenderawasih | |
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Kei-Tanimbar | |
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Selaru | |
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Sumba–Flores | |
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Timor–Babar | |
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Western Oceanic | |
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|
|
Papuan languages |
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North Halmahera | |
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Timor–Alor–Pantar | |
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Asmat–Mombum | |
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West Bird's Head | |
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South Bird's Head | |
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East Bird's Head | |
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West Bomberai | |
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Dani | |
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Paniai Lakes | |
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Digul River | |
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Foja Range | |
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Lakes Plain | |
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East Cenderawasih Bay | |
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Yawa | |
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Demta–Sentani | |
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Ok | |
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Momuna–Mek | |
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Skou | |
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South Pauwasi | |
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East Pauwasi | |
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West Pauwasi | |
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Kaure–Kosare | |
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Marind–Yaqai | |
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Bulaka River | |
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Kayagar | |
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Border | |
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Senagi | |
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Mairasi | |
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Kolopom | |
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Yam | |
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Lower Mamberamo | |
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Others | |
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|
|
Other languages |
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Creoles and Pidgins |
Other creoles and pidgins | |
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|
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Immigrant languages | Chinese | |
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European | |
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Indian | |
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Middle Eastern | |
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Others | |
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|
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Sign languages | |
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|
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На других языках
- [en] Tidore language
[fr] Tidore (langue)
Le tidore est une langue papoue parlée en Indonésie à Tidore, aux Moluques du Nord, ainsi qu'à Maitara, Mare, la moitié septentrionale des îles Moti (en) et les côtes occidentales d'Halmahera, par 26 000 locuteurs (Wurm et Hattori, 1981). Très proche du ternate. 20 000 locuteurs supplémentaires la parlent comme langue seconde.
[ru] Тидоре (язык)
Тидоре (Tidore) — папуасский язык, на котором говорят на острове Тидоре, на островах Маре, Моти, Тернате, а также на острове Хальмахера, территории западного побережья, в свою очередь, в изгибе островов Тидоре, Моти, Каяа провинции Малуку в Индонезии. Очень близок к языку тернате[1]; эти два языка взаимопонятны, имеют практически общий словарь и очень похожие грамматики и могут рассматриваться как варианты единого языка тернате-тидоре[2].
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