lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageMongondow, or Bolaang Mongondow, is one of the Philippine languages spoken in Bolaang Mongondow Regency and neighbouring regencies of North Sulawesi (Celebes) and Gorontalo Provinces, Indonesia.[2]
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
| Mongondow |
|---|
|
| Native to | Indonesia |
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| Region | North Sulawesi |
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| Ethnicity | Mongondow people |
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Native speakers | 230,000 (2000 census)[1] |
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Language family | Austronesian
-
Malayo-Polynesian
- Philippine
- Greater Central Philippine
|
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|
| ISO 639-3 | mog |
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| Glottolog | mong1342 |
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Phonology
Mongondow has the following phoneme inventory:
Vowels
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
| Close |
i |
|
u |
| Mid |
e |
|
o |
| Open |
|
a |
|
Consonants
|
Labial |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
| Nasal |
m |
n |
ɲ |
ŋ |
|
| Plosive |
voiceless |
p |
t |
|
k |
ʔ |
| voiced |
b |
d |
(d͡ʒ) |
ɡ |
|
| Fricative |
|
s |
|
|
h |
| Lateral |
|
l |
|
|
|
| Rhotic |
|
r |
|
|
|
| Approximant |
w |
|
j |
|
|
The lateral /l/ is pronounced as alveolar [l] when adjacent to the front vowels /e/, /i/. In all other environments, it is a retroflex [ɭ].
Grammar
Pronouns
The personal pronouns are:
|
nominative |
genitive |
oblique |
| 1.sg. |
akuoy |
-ku |
inako' |
| 2.sg. |
iko |
-mu |
inimu |
| 3.sg. |
sia |
-ea/-nya |
inia |
| 1.pl.inclusive |
kita |
-naton |
inaton |
| 1.pl.exclusive |
kami |
-nami |
inami |
| 2.pl. |
mo'iko kamu-* |
-monimu -namu-* |
imonimu -inamu-* |
| 3.pl. |
mosia taya-* |
-monia -naya-* |
imonia inaya-* |
| * kamu-, taya- etc. are used with suffixed numerals, e.g. taya-tolu "the three of them" |
Numerals
| 1 |
inta' / mita' |
| 2 |
dua' / doyowa' |
| 3 |
tolu' |
| 4 |
opat |
| 5 |
lima |
| 6 |
onom |
| 7 |
pitu |
| 8 |
ualu |
| 9 |
siow |
| 10 |
mopulu' |
| 11 |
mopulu' bo mita' |
12 (...) |
mopulu' bo doyowa' |
| 20 |
doyowa no pulu' |
21 (...) |
doyowa no pulu' bo mita' |
| 30 |
tolu no pulu' |
40 (...) |
opat no pulu' |
| 100 |
mogatut |
200 (...) |
doyowa no gatut |
| 1000 |
tongo ribu |
2000 (...) |
doyowa no ribu |
References
- Mongondow at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Christopher Moseley (2008). Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-1357-9640-2.
Bibliography
External links
Languages of Indonesia |
|---|
Western languages |
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| Malayo-Sumbawan | |
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| Javanese | |
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| Celebic | |
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| Lampungic | |
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Northwest Sumatra– Barrier Islands | |
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| South Sulawesi | |
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| Barito | |
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| Kayan–Murik | |
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| Land Dayak | |
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| North Bornean | |
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| Philippine languages | | Central Philippine | |
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| Gorontalo-Mongondow | |
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| Minahasan | |
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| Sangiric | |
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|
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|
|
Central-Eastern languages |
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| Aru | |
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| Central Maluku | |
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| Flores–Lembata | |
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Halmahera- Cenderawasih | |
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| Kei-Tanimbar | |
|---|
| Selaru | |
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| Sumba–Flores | |
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| Timor–Babar | |
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| Western Oceanic | |
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|
|
Papuan languages |
|---|
| North Halmahera | |
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| Timor–Alor–Pantar | |
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| Asmat–Mombum | |
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| West Bird's Head | |
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| South Bird's Head | |
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| East Bird's Head | |
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| West Bomberai | |
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| Dani | |
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| Paniai Lakes | |
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| Digul River | |
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| Foja Range | |
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| Lakes Plain | |
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| East Cenderawasih Bay | |
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| Yawa | |
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| Demta–Sentani | |
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| Ok | |
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| Momuna–Mek | |
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| Skou | |
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| South Pauwasi | |
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| East Pauwasi | |
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| West Pauwasi | |
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| Kaure–Kosare | |
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| Marind–Yaqai | |
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| Bulaka River | |
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| Kayagar | |
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| Border | |
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| Senagi | |
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| Mairasi | |
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| Kolopom | |
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| Yam | |
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| Lower Mamberamo | |
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| Others | |
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|
|
Other languages |
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| Creoles and Pidgins |
| Other creoles and pidgins | |
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|
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| Immigrant languages | | Chinese | |
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| European | |
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| Indian | |
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| Middle Eastern | |
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| Others | |
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|
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| Sign languages | |
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|
|
Philippine languages |
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| Batanic (Bashiic) | |
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| Northern Luzon | | | Cagayan Valley | |
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| Meso-Cordilleran | | | Central Cordilleran | |
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| Southern Cordilleran | |
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|
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|
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| Central Luzon | |
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| Northern Mindoro | |
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Greater Central Philippine | | Southern Mindoro | |
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| Central Philippine | | Tagalic | |
|---|
| Bikol | |
|---|
| Bisayan | |
|---|
| Mansakan | |
|---|
| (unclassified) | |
|---|
|
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| Palawanic | |
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| Subanen | |
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| Danao | |
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| Manobo | |
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| Gorontalo–Mongondow | |
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|
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| Kalamian | |
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| Bilic | |
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| Sangiric | |
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| Minahasan | |
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| Other branches | |
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| Reconstructed | Proto-Philippine † |
|---|
- † indicates extinct status
- ? indicates classification dispute
|
Austronesian languages |
|---|
Formosan languages |
|---|
| Rukaic | |
|---|
| Tsouic | |
|---|
| Northern | | Atayalic | |
|---|
Northwest Formosan | |
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|
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| East | |
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| Southern ? | |
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|
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Malayo–Polynesian |
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Western branches of Malayo–Polynesian |
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Philippine (linkage) ? | | Batanic | |
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| Northern Luzon | | | Cagayan Valley | |
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| Northeastern Luzon | |
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| Meso-Cordilleran | |
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|
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| Central Luzon | |
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| Northern Mindoro | |
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Greater Central Philippine * | | Southern Mindoro | |
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| Central Philippine | | | Bisayan | | West | |
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| Asi | |
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| Central | |
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| Cebuan | |
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| South | |
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|
|
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| Bikol | |
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|
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| Mansakan | |
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| Palawan | |
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| Mindanao | |
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Gorontalo– Mongondow | |
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|
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| Kalamian | |
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| Bilic | |
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| Sangiric | |
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| Minahasan | |
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| Manide–Inagta * | |
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|
|
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| Greater Barito * | |
|---|
Greater North Borneo * | | North Borneo * | | Northeast Sabah * | |
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| Southwest Sabah * | Greater Dusunic * | | Bisaya–Lotud | |
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| Dusunic | |
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| Paitanic | |
|---|
|
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Greater Murutic * | |
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|
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| North Sarawak * | |
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|
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| Central Sarawak | |
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| Kayanic | |
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| Land Dayak | |
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| Malayo–Chamic * | |
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| Sundanese | |
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| Rejang ? | |
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| Moklenic ? | |
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|
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| Sumatran * | Northwest Sumatra –Barrier Islands | |
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|
|
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| Lampungic | |
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| Javanese | |
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| Madurese | |
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Bali–Sasak –Sumbawa | |
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| Celebic | | Bungku–Tolaki | |
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| Muna–Buton | |
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| Saluan–Banggai | |
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| Tomini–Tolitoli | |
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| Kaili–Wolio * | |
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|
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| South Sulawesi | | Bugis | |
|---|
| Makassaric | |
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| Seko | |
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| Northern | |
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|
|
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| Isolates | |
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|
| Central Malayo-Polynesian languages |
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| Bima | |
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| Sumba–Flores | |
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| Flores–Lembata | |
|---|
| Selaru | |
|---|
| Kei–Tanimbar ? | |
|---|
| Aru | |
|---|
| Timoric * | | | Central Timor * | |
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| Wetar–Galoli ? | |
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| Kawaimina | |
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| Luangic–Kisaric ? | |
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| Rote–Meto * | |
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| Babar | |
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| Southwest Maluku | |
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|
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| Kowiai ? | |
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| Central Maluku * | |
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|
| Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages |
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| SHWNG | | | Halmahera Sea | | Ambel–Biga | |
|---|
| Maya–Matbat | |
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| Maden | |
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| As | |
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| South Halmahera | |
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|
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| Cenderawasih | |
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|
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| Oceanic | | Admiralty | |
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| Saint Matthias | |
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| Temotu | | Utupua | |
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| Vanikoro | |
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| Reefs–Santa Cruz | |
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|
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Southeast Solomonic | | Gela–Guadalcanal | |
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Malaita– San Cristobal | |
|---|
|
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Western Oceanic | Meso– Melanesian | | Willaumez | |
|---|
| Bali-Vitu | |
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New Ireland– Northwest Solomonic | | Tungag–Nalik | |
|---|
| Tabar | |
|---|
| Madak | |
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| St. George | |
|---|
Northwest Solomonic | |
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|
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|
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North New Guinea | Sarmi– Jayapura ? | |
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| Schouten | |
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| Huon Gulf | |
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| Ngero–Vitiaz | |
|---|
|
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| Papuan Tip | | Nuclear | |
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| Kilivila–Misima | |
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| Nimoa–Sudest | |
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|
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|
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Southern Oceanic | North Vanuatu | | Torres–Banks | |
|---|
Maewo–Ambae– North Pentecost | |
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| South Pentecost | |
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| Espiritu Santo | |
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|
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Nuclear Southern Oceanic | | Central Vanuatu | |
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| South Vanuatu | |
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Loyalties– New Caledonia | | Loyalty Islands | |
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| New Caledonian | |
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|
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|
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|
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| Micronesian | |
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Central Pacific | |
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|
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|
|
|
|
- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
|
На других языках
[de] Mongondow
Mongondow (oder Bolaang Mongondow) ist eine im Bezirk Bolaang Mongondow in Nordsulawesi gesprochene Sprache. Sie gehört zu den philippinischen Sprachen der malayo-polynesischen Sprachen innerhalb der austronesischen Sprachen.
- [en] Mongondow language
[ru] Болаанг-монгондоу
Болаанг-монгондоу (индон. Bahasa Mongondow) — один из австронезийских языков, распространён на севере Сулавеси.
По данным Ethnologue, количество носителей данного языка составляло 230 тыс. чел. в 2000 году[1]. Язык является родным для одноимённого народа.
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