lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageWolio is an Austronesian language spoken in and around Baubau on Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It belongs to the Wotu–Wolio branch of the Celebic subgroup. Also known as Buton, it is a trade language and the former court language of the Sultan at Baubau. Today it is an official regional language; street signs are written in the Buri Wolio alphabet, based on the Arabic script.
Austronesian language spoken in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Wolio |
---|
Region | Sulawesi |
---|
Native speakers | 65,000 (2004)[1] |
---|
Language family | |
---|
Writing system | Buri Wolio (Arabic script) |
---|
|
ISO 639-3 | wlo |
---|
Glottolog | woli1241 |
---|
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. |
Phonology
The five vowels are /i e a o u/. The consonant system is characterized by the presence of prenasalized stops, which are treated as a single sound in Wolio.
Consonants
|
Labial |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
Nasal |
m |
n |
ɲ |
ŋ |
|
Plosive |
voiceless |
plain |
p |
t |
c |
k |
ʔ |
prenasalized |
ᵐp |
ⁿt |
ᶮc |
ᵑk |
|
voiced |
plain |
b |
d |
ɟ |
g |
|
prenasalized |
ᵐb |
ⁿd |
ᶮɟ |
ᵑg |
|
implosive |
ɓ |
ɗ |
|
|
|
Fricative |
voiceless |
f |
s |
|
|
h |
voiced |
v |
|
|
|
|
Trill |
|
r |
|
|
|
Lateral |
|
l |
|
|
|
/b, d, f/ are found in loans, mostly from Arabic.
Stress is on the penultimate syllable, and only open syllables are allowed.
Grammar
Wolio personal pronouns have one independent form, and three bound forms.
Personal pronouns
| independent | actor | object | possessive |
1.sg. | iaku | ku- | -aku | -ngku |
2.sg. | ingkoo | u- | -ko | -mu |
3. | incia | a- | -a/-ia | -na |
1.pl. incl. | ingkita | ta- | -kita | -ta |
1.pl. excl. | ingkami | ta- | -kami | -mami |
2.pl. | ingkomiu | u- | -komiu | -miu |
Number is not distinguished in third person. Optionally, plural number can be expressed by means of the plural-marker manga: manga incia "they".
See also
References
- Wolio at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Bibliography
- Anceaux, Johannes Cornelis (1988). The Wolio Language. Leiden: Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004286320.
- Donohue, Mark (2004). "The pretenders to the Muna-Buton group". In Bowden, J.; Himmelmann, N. (eds.). Papers in Austronesian subgrouping and dialectology. Pacific Linguistics 563. Canberra: Australian National University. pp. 21–36. doi:10.15144/PL-563.21. hdl:1885/146183.
- Mead, David (2003). "Evidence for a Celebic supergroup". In Lynch, John (ed.). Issues in Austronesian historical phonology. Pacific Linguistics 550. Canberra: Australian National University. pp. 115–141. doi:10.15144/PL-550.115. hdl:1885/146173.
Further reading
- Mead, David; Smith, Joanna. "The voice systems of Wotu, Barang-barang and Wolio: Synchronic and diachronic perspectives". In Malcolm D. Ross; I Wayan Arka (eds.). Language Change in Austronesian languages: papers from 12-ICAL, Volume 3. Asia-Pacific linguistics 018 / Studies on Austronesian languages 004. pp. 51–78. hdl:1885/13386.
- van den Berg, René (2008). "Notes on the historical phonology and classification of Wolio". In Yury A. Lander; Alexander K. Ogloblin (eds.). Language and Text in the Austronesian World: Studies in honor of Ülo Sirk. München: Lincom. pp. 89–113.
Celebic languages |
---|
Bungku–Tolaki | |
---|
Muna–Buton | |
---|
Saluan–Banggai | |
---|
Tomini–Tolitoli | |
---|
Kaili–Wolio * | |
---|
|
- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
|
Austronesian languages |
---|
Formosan languages |
---|
Rukaic | |
---|
Tsouic | |
---|
Northern | Atayalic | |
---|
Northwest Formosan | |
---|
|
---|
East | |
---|
Southern ? | |
---|
|
|
Malayo–Polynesian |
---|
Western branches of Malayo–Polynesian |
---|
Philippine (linkage) ? | Batanic | |
---|
Northern Luzon | | Cagayan Valley | |
---|
Northeastern Luzon | |
---|
Meso-Cordilleran | |
---|
|
---|
Central Luzon | |
---|
Northern Mindoro | |
---|
Greater Central Philippine * | Southern Mindoro | |
---|
Central Philippine | | Bisayan | West | |
---|
Asi | |
---|
Central | |
---|
Cebuan | |
---|
South | |
---|
|
|
---|
Bikol | |
---|
|
---|
Mansakan | |
---|
Palawan | |
---|
Mindanao | |
---|
Gorontalo– Mongondow | |
---|
|
---|
Kalamian | |
---|
Bilic | |
---|
Sangiric | |
---|
Minahasan | |
---|
Manide–Inagta * | |
---|
|
|
---|
Greater Barito * | |
---|
Greater North Borneo * | North Borneo * | Northeast Sabah * | |
---|
Southwest Sabah * | Greater Dusunic * | Bisaya–Lotud | |
---|
Dusunic | |
---|
Paitanic | |
---|
|
---|
Greater Murutic * | |
---|
|
---|
North Sarawak * | |
---|
|
---|
Central Sarawak | |
---|
Kayanic | |
---|
Land Dayak | |
---|
Malayo–Chamic * | |
---|
Sundanese | |
---|
Rejang ? | |
---|
Moklenic ? | |
---|
|
---|
Sumatran * | Northwest Sumatra –Barrier Islands | |
---|
|
|
---|
Lampungic | |
---|
Javanese | |
---|
Madurese | |
---|
Bali–Sasak –Sumbawa | |
---|
Celebic | Bungku–Tolaki | |
---|
Muna–Buton | |
---|
Saluan–Banggai | |
---|
Tomini–Tolitoli | |
---|
Kaili–Wolio * | |
---|
|
---|
South Sulawesi | Bugis | |
---|
Makassaric | |
---|
Seko | |
---|
Northern | |
---|
|
|
---|
Isolates | |
---|
|
| Central Malayo-Polynesian languages |
---|
Bima | |
---|
Sumba–Flores | |
---|
Flores–Lembata | |
---|
Selaru | |
---|
Kei–Tanimbar ? | |
---|
Aru | |
---|
Timoric * | | Central Timor * | |
---|
Wetar–Galoli ? | |
---|
Kawaimina | |
---|
Luangic–Kisaric ? | |
---|
Rote–Meto * | |
---|
Babar | |
---|
Southwest Maluku | |
---|
|
---|
Kowiai ? | |
---|
Central Maluku * | |
---|
|
| Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages |
---|
SHWNG | | Halmahera Sea | Ambel–Biga | |
---|
Maya–Matbat | |
---|
Maden | |
---|
As | |
---|
South Halmahera | |
---|
|
---|
Cenderawasih | |
---|
|
---|
Oceanic | Admiralty | |
---|
Saint Matthias | |
---|
Temotu | Utupua | |
---|
Vanikoro | |
---|
Reefs–Santa Cruz | |
---|
|
---|
Southeast Solomonic | Gela–Guadalcanal | |
---|
Malaita– San Cristobal | |
---|
|
---|
Western Oceanic | Meso– Melanesian | Willaumez | |
---|
Bali-Vitu | |
---|
New Ireland– Northwest Solomonic | Tungag–Nalik | |
---|
Tabar | |
---|
Madak | |
---|
St. George | |
---|
Northwest Solomonic | |
---|
|
|
---|
|
---|
North New Guinea | Sarmi– Jayapura ? | |
---|
Schouten | |
---|
Huon Gulf | |
---|
Ngero–Vitiaz | |
---|
|
---|
Papuan Tip | Nuclear | |
---|
Kilivila–Misima | |
---|
Nimoa–Sudest | |
---|
|
---|
|
---|
Southern Oceanic | North Vanuatu | Torres–Banks | |
---|
Maewo–Ambae– North Pentecost | |
---|
South Pentecost | |
---|
Espiritu Santo | |
---|
|
---|
Nuclear Southern Oceanic | Central Vanuatu | |
---|
South Vanuatu | |
---|
Loyalties– New Caledonia | Loyalty Islands | |
---|
New Caledonian | |
---|
|
---|
|
---|
|
---|
Micronesian | |
---|
Central Pacific | |
---|
|
---|
|
|
|
|
- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
|
Languages of Indonesia |
---|
Western languages |
---|
Malayo-Sumbawan | |
---|
Javanese | |
---|
Celebic | |
---|
Lampungic | |
---|
Northwest Sumatra– Barrier Islands | |
---|
South Sulawesi | |
---|
Barito | |
---|
Kayan–Murik | |
---|
Land Dayak | |
---|
North Bornean | |
---|
Philippine languages | Central Philippine | |
---|
Gorontalo-Mongondow | |
---|
Minahasan | |
---|
Sangiric | |
---|
|
---|
|
|
Central-Eastern languages |
---|
Aru | |
---|
Central Maluku | |
---|
Flores–Lembata | |
---|
Halmahera- Cenderawasih | |
---|
Kei-Tanimbar | |
---|
Selaru | |
---|
Sumba–Flores | |
---|
Timor–Babar | |
---|
Western Oceanic | |
---|
|
|
Papuan languages |
---|
North Halmahera | |
---|
Timor–Alor–Pantar | |
---|
Asmat–Mombum | |
---|
West Bird's Head | |
---|
South Bird's Head | |
---|
East Bird's Head | |
---|
West Bomberai | |
---|
Dani | |
---|
Paniai Lakes | |
---|
Digul River | |
---|
Foja Range | |
---|
Lakes Plain | |
---|
East Cenderawasih Bay | |
---|
Yawa | |
---|
Demta–Sentani | |
---|
Ok | |
---|
Momuna–Mek | |
---|
Skou | |
---|
South Pauwasi | |
---|
East Pauwasi | |
---|
West Pauwasi | |
---|
Kaure–Kosare | |
---|
Marind–Yaqai | |
---|
Bulaka River | |
---|
Kayagar | |
---|
Border | |
---|
Senagi | |
---|
Mairasi | |
---|
Kolopom | |
---|
Yam | |
---|
Lower Mamberamo | |
---|
Others | |
---|
|
|
Other languages |
---|
Creoles and Pidgins |
Other creoles and pidgins | |
---|
|
---|
Immigrant languages | Chinese | |
---|
European | |
---|
Indian | |
---|
Middle Eastern | |
---|
Others | |
---|
|
---|
Sign languages | |
---|
|
|
Authority control: National libraries  | |
---|
На других языках
[de] Wolio
Wolio ist eine auf der Insel Buton in Südostsulawesi gesprochene Sprache. Sie gehört zu den malayo-polynesischen Sprachen innerhalb der austronesischen Sprachen.
Wolio war auch die Handels- und Hofsprache im Sultanat Buton. Heute ist es eine offizielle Regionalsprache. Straßenschilder in Wolio werden in Arabischer Schrift geschrieben. Wolio wurde deshalb als Schriftsprache vom nahe verwandten lateinisch geschriebenen Cia-Cia verdrängt, da indonesisch heute in den Schulen mit der lateinischen Schrift gelehrt wird.[2]
- [en] Wolio language
[fr] Wolio
Le wolio ou buton est une langue austronésienne parlée dans la région de Baubau sur l’île de Buton en Indonésie. Elle fait partie de la branche wolio-wotu du sous-groupe célèbiques des langues austronésiennes. Elle a été une langue véhiculaire et la langue du Sultanat de Baubau, et est aujourd’hui une langue régionale. Elle a été écrite avec l’alphabet buri wolio, une adaptation de l’alphabet arabe, et est officiellement écrite depuis 1972 avec l’alphabet latin.
Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.
Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии