lingvo.wikisort.org - Language

The Bima language, or Bimanese (Bima: Nggahi Mbojo, Indonesian: Bahasa Bima) is an Austronesian language spoken on the eastern half of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, which it shares with speakers of the Sumbawa language. Bima territory includes the Sanggar Peninsula, where the extinct Papuan language Tambora was once spoken. "Bima" is an exonym; the autochthonous name for the territory is "Mbojo" and the language is referred to as "Nggahi Mbojo." There are over half a million Bima speakers. Neither the Bima nor the Sumbawa people have alphabets of their own for they use the alphabets of the Bugis and the Malay language indifferently.[2]

Bima
Nggahi Mbojo
'Aksara Mbojo' in Bima (Mbojo) script
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Sumbawa
Ethnicity	Bimanese
Native speakers	(500,000 cited 1989)[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian (Central) Bima–Lembata? Bima
Dialects	Kolo Sangar (Sanggar) Toloweri Bima Mbojo
Writing system	Latin, Lontara script (Mbojo variant)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	bhp
Glottolog	bima1247
ELP	Bima

Classification

Long thought to be closely related to the languages of Sumba Island to the southeast, this assumption has been refuted by Blust (2008), which makes Bima a primary branch within the Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian subgroup.[3]

Distribution

Bima is primarily spoken on the eastern half of Sumbawa Island in Indonesia. It also spoken in the Banta, Sangeang, and Komodo islands.[4]

Dialects

According to Ethnologue, dialects of the language include Kolo, Sangar (Sanggar), Toloweri, Bima, and Mbojo.

Donggo, spoken in mountainous regions to the west of Bima Bay, such as in Doro Ntika of the Doro Oromboha area, is closely related to the main dialect of Bima. It is spoken by about 25,000 people who were formerly primarily Christians and animists; many have converted to Islam, mostly as a result of intermarriages.[5]

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes

		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p	t	tʃ	k	ʔ
	voiced	b	d	dʒ	ɡ
	implosive	ɓ	ɗ
Fricative		f	s			h
Lateral			l
Trill			r
Approximant		w		j

Vowels

Vowel phonemes

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e		o
Open		a

Vowels /i e o u/ can have shortened allophones as [ɪ ɛ ɔ ʊ].[6]

References

Further reading

External links

• Paradisec has a collection of open access recordings of Bima from a 2005 language documentation class, as well as some recordings from Robert Blust.
• Kaipuleohone also has an open-access collection of Robert Blust's materials including a recording of Bima.
• https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2022/22150-biima-script.pdf

На других языках

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[de] Bima (Sprache)

Bima ist eine auf der Osthälfte von Sumbawa gesprochene Sprache. Sie gehört zu den zentral-ost-malayo-polynesischen Sprachen der malayo-polynesischen Sprachen innerhalb der austronesischen Sprachen. Sie ist eng verwandt mit den Sprachen auf Sumba.

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- [en] Bima language

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[fr] Bima (langue)

Le bima (ou bimanais) est une langue austronésienne parlée en Indonésie, dans l'Est de l'île de Sumbawa par 500 000 personnes. La langue appartient à la branche malayo-polynésienne des langues austronésiennes.

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[ru] Бима (язык)

Бима (индон. Bahasa Bima) — один из австронезийских языков, распространён на юге Сумбаве. По данным Ethnologue, количество носителей данного языка составляло 500 тыс. чел. в 1989 году[1].

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