lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageTobati, or Yotafa, is an Austronesian language spoken in Jayapura Bay in Papua province, Indonesia. It was once thought to be a Papuan language.[1] Notably, Tobati displays a very rare object-subject-verb word order.[2]
Oceanic language spoken in Indonesia
| Tobati |
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|
| Native to | Indonesia |
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| Region | Papua |
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Native speakers | 100 (2007)[1] |
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Language family | |
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|
| ISO 639-3 | tti |
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| Glottolog | toba1266 |
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| ELP | Tobati |
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Phonology
Consonants
|
Labial |
Labio- dental |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
| Nasal |
m |
|
|
n |
ɲ |
N[lower-alpha 1] |
| Stop |
voiceless |
|
|
|
t |
c |
k |
| voiced |
b |
|
d |
|
d͡ʒ |
|
| Fricative |
voiceless |
ɸ |
f |
|
s |
ʃ |
h[lower-alpha 2] |
| voiced |
|
|
|
|
|
ɣ~ɰ |
| Approximant |
w |
|
|
|
j |
| Rhotic |
|
|
|
r |
|
|
- Before a vowel realized as [ŋg], otherwise nasalizes the preceding vowel.[2]
- Displays free variation as [h~ɦ~x~ɣ].
/f/ also shows allophony as [p]. However, it does not behave as a stop (see below).
Tobati has a five-vowel system of /a e i o u/, realized as /a ɛ i ɔ ʊ/ in closed syllables.
Phonotactics
Tobati permits 3 consonants in the onset, and at most a single consonant or a nasal-stop cluster in the coda.
Nasal-stop clusters only permit a nasal and a stop of the same PoA. For the /nd/ sequence, /n/ becomes dental [n̪]. Neither the bilabial, consisting of /b/ and the /f/ allophone [p], nor palatal nasal-stop clusters distinguish voice (i.e. they are [pm~bm] and [cɲ~d͡ʒɲ] respectively). The /Nk/ sequence voices to [ŋg].[2]
References
- Tobati at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Crowley, Terry; Lynch, John; Ross, Malcolm (2002). The Oceanic Languages. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 186-88
North New Guinea languages |
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| Sarmi–Jayapura | |
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| Schouten | |
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| Huon Gulf | | North Huon Gulf | |
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| Markham | |
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| South Huon Gulf | |
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| Others | |
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| Ngero–Vitiaz | | Ngero | |
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| Bel | |
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| Bibling | |
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| Pasismanua | |
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| Arawe | |
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| Mengen | |
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| Korap | |
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| Roinji–Nenaya | |
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| Others | |
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Austronesian languages |
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Formosan languages |
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| Rukaic | |
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| Tsouic | |
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| Northern | | Atayalic | |
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Northwest Formosan | |
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| East | |
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| Southern ? | |
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Malayo–Polynesian |
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Western branches of Malayo–Polynesian |
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Philippine (linkage) ? | | Batanic | |
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| Northern Luzon | | | Cagayan Valley | |
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| Northeastern Luzon | |
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| Meso-Cordilleran | |
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|
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| Central Luzon | |
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| Northern Mindoro | |
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Greater Central Philippine * | | Southern Mindoro | |
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| Central Philippine | | | Bisayan | | West | |
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| Asi | |
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| Central | |
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| Cebuan | |
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| South | |
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|
|
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| Bikol | |
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| Mansakan | |
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| Palawan | |
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| Mindanao | |
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Gorontalo– Mongondow | |
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|
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| Kalamian | |
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| Bilic | |
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| Sangiric | |
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| Minahasan | |
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| Manide–Inagta * | |
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| Greater Barito * | |
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Greater North Borneo * | | North Borneo * | | Northeast Sabah * | |
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| Southwest Sabah * | Greater Dusunic * | | Bisaya–Lotud | |
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| Dusunic | |
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| Paitanic | |
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Greater Murutic * | |
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| North Sarawak * | |
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| Central Sarawak | |
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| Kayanic | |
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| Land Dayak | |
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| Malayo–Chamic * | |
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| Sundanese | |
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| Rejang ? | |
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| Moklenic ? | |
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|
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| Sumatran * | Northwest Sumatra –Barrier Islands | |
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| Lampungic | |
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| Javanese | |
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| Madurese | |
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Bali–Sasak –Sumbawa | |
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| Celebic | | Bungku–Tolaki | |
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| Muna–Buton | |
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| Saluan–Banggai | |
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| Tomini–Tolitoli | |
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| Kaili–Wolio * | |
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|
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| South Sulawesi | | Bugis | |
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| Makassaric | |
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| Seko | |
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| Northern | |
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|
|
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| Isolates | |
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| Central Malayo-Polynesian languages |
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| Bima | |
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| Sumba–Flores | |
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| Flores–Lembata | |
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| Selaru | |
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| Kei–Tanimbar ? | |
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| Aru | |
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| Timoric * | | | Central Timor * | |
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| Wetar–Galoli ? | |
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| Kawaimina | |
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| Luangic–Kisaric ? | |
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| Rote–Meto * | |
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| Babar | |
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| Southwest Maluku | |
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|
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| Kowiai ? | |
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| Central Maluku * | |
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|
| Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages |
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| SHWNG | | | Halmahera Sea | | Ambel–Biga | |
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| Maya–Matbat | |
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| Maden | |
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| As | |
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| South Halmahera | |
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| Cenderawasih | |
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| Oceanic | | Admiralty | |
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| Saint Matthias | |
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| Temotu | | Utupua | |
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| Vanikoro | |
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| Reefs–Santa Cruz | |
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Southeast Solomonic | | Gela–Guadalcanal | |
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Malaita– San Cristobal | |
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Western Oceanic | Meso– Melanesian | | Willaumez | |
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| Bali-Vitu | |
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New Ireland– Northwest Solomonic | | Tungag–Nalik | |
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| Tabar | |
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| Madak | |
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| St. George | |
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Northwest Solomonic | |
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North New Guinea | Sarmi– Jayapura ? | |
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| Schouten | |
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| Huon Gulf | |
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| Ngero–Vitiaz | |
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|
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| Papuan Tip | | Nuclear | |
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| Kilivila–Misima | |
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| Nimoa–Sudest | |
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Southern Oceanic | North Vanuatu | | Torres–Banks | |
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Maewo–Ambae– North Pentecost | |
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| South Pentecost | |
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| Espiritu Santo | |
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|
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Nuclear Southern Oceanic | | Central Vanuatu | |
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| South Vanuatu | |
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Loyalties– New Caledonia | | Loyalty Islands | |
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| New Caledonian | |
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| Micronesian | |
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Central Pacific | |
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
|
Languages of Indonesia |
|---|
Western languages |
|---|
| Malayo-Sumbawan | |
|---|
| Javanese | |
|---|
| Celebic | |
|---|
| Lampungic | |
|---|
Northwest Sumatra– Barrier Islands | |
|---|
| South Sulawesi | |
|---|
| Barito | |
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| Kayan–Murik | |
|---|
| Land Dayak | |
|---|
| North Bornean | |
|---|
| Philippine languages | | Central Philippine | |
|---|
| Gorontalo-Mongondow | |
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| Minahasan | |
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| Sangiric | |
|---|
|
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|
|
Central-Eastern languages |
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| Aru | |
|---|
| Central Maluku | |
|---|
| Flores–Lembata | |
|---|
Halmahera- Cenderawasih | |
|---|
| Kei-Tanimbar | |
|---|
| Selaru | |
|---|
| Sumba–Flores | |
|---|
| Timor–Babar | |
|---|
| Western Oceanic | |
|---|
|
|
Papuan languages |
|---|
| North Halmahera | |
|---|
| Timor–Alor–Pantar | |
|---|
| Asmat–Mombum | |
|---|
| West Bird's Head | |
|---|
| South Bird's Head | |
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| East Bird's Head | |
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| West Bomberai | |
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| Dani | |
|---|
| Paniai Lakes | |
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| Digul River | |
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| Foja Range | |
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| Lakes Plain | |
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| East Cenderawasih Bay | |
|---|
| Yawa | |
|---|
| Demta–Sentani | |
|---|
| Ok | |
|---|
| Momuna–Mek | |
|---|
| Skou | |
|---|
| South Pauwasi | |
|---|
| East Pauwasi | |
|---|
| West Pauwasi | |
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| Kaure–Kosare | |
|---|
| Marind–Yaqai | |
|---|
| Bulaka River | |
|---|
| Kayagar | |
|---|
| Border | |
|---|
| Senagi | |
|---|
| Mairasi | |
|---|
| Kolopom | |
|---|
| Yam | |
|---|
| Lower Mamberamo | |
|---|
| Others | |
|---|
|
|
Other languages |
|---|
| Creoles and Pidgins |
| Other creoles and pidgins | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Immigrant languages | | Chinese | |
|---|
| European | |
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| Indian | |
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| Middle Eastern | |
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| Others | |
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|
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| Sign languages | |
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|
На других языках
- [en] Tobati language
[fr] Tobati
Tobati, ou aussi appelé Yotafa, est une langue austronésienne parlée dans la baie de Jayapura dans la province de Papua, en Indonésie.
[ru] Тобати
Тобати (Enggros, Humboldt Jotafa, Jayapura, Jotafa, Tobati, Tobwadic, Yautefa, Yotafa) - почти исчезнувший австронезийский язык, на котором говорят на заливе Джаяпура (около деревень Джаяпура, Кота-Раджа, Танах-Хитам, Тобати, Энггрос, Энтроп) провинции Папуа в Индонезии. Тобати ранее классифицировался как папуасский язык.
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2019-2026
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