lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguagePamona (also Poso or Bare’e) is an Austronesian language spoken in Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is part of the northern group of the Kaili–Pamona languages.
Austronesian language spoken in Sulawesi, Indonesia
Pamona |
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Native to | Indonesia |
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Region | Sulawesi |
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Native speakers | 140,000 (2000)[1] |
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Language family | |
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ISO 639-3 | pmf |
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Glottolog | pamo1252 |
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This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. |
Dialects
Ethnologue lists the following as dialects: Laiwonu (Iba), Pamona (Poso), Rapangkaka (Aria), Taa (Topotaa, Wana), Tobau (Bare’e, Tobalo, Tobao), Tokondindi, Tomoni, and Topada.[2]
Phonology
Pamona has the following sound inventory:
Consonants
|
Labial |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
Plosive |
voiceless |
p |
t |
|
k |
ʔ |
voiced |
b |
d |
ɟ |
g |
|
Prenasalized plosive |
voiceless |
ᵐp |
ⁿt |
ᶮc |
ᵑk |
|
voiced |
ᵐb |
ⁿd |
ᶮɟ |
ᵑg |
|
Fricative |
|
s |
|
|
h |
Nasal |
m |
n |
ɲ |
ŋ |
|
Trill |
|
r |
|
|
|
Approximant |
ʋ |
l |
j |
|
|
Vowels
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
Close |
i |
|
u |
Close-Mid |
e |
|
o |
Open |
|
a |
|
Notes
- Pamona at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Pamona at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Bibliography
- Adriani, Nicolaus (1931). Spraakkunst der Bare'e-Taal. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, LXX. Bandung: A. C. Nix.
Celebic languages |
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Bungku–Tolaki | |
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Muna–Buton | |
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Saluan–Banggai | |
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Tomini–Tolitoli | |
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Kaili–Wolio * | |
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
|
Austronesian languages |
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Formosan languages |
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Rukaic | |
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Tsouic | |
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Northern | Atayalic | |
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Northwest Formosan | |
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East | |
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Southern ? | |
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Malayo–Polynesian |
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Western branches of Malayo–Polynesian |
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Philippine (linkage) ? | Batanic | |
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Northern Luzon | | Cagayan Valley | |
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Northeastern Luzon | |
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Meso-Cordilleran | |
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Central Luzon | |
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Northern Mindoro | |
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Greater Central Philippine * | Southern Mindoro | |
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Central Philippine | | Bisayan | West | |
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Asi | |
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Central | |
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Cebuan | |
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South | |
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|
|
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Bikol | |
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Mansakan | |
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Palawan | |
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Mindanao | |
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Gorontalo– Mongondow | |
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Kalamian | |
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Bilic | |
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Sangiric | |
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Minahasan | |
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Manide–Inagta * | |
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|
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Greater Barito * | |
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Greater North Borneo * | North Borneo * | Northeast Sabah * | |
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Southwest Sabah * | Greater Dusunic * | Bisaya–Lotud | |
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Dusunic | |
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Paitanic | |
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Greater Murutic * | |
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North Sarawak * | |
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Central Sarawak | |
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Kayanic | |
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Land Dayak | |
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Malayo–Chamic * | |
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Sundanese | |
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Rejang ? | |
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Moklenic ? | |
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Sumatran * | Northwest Sumatra –Barrier Islands | |
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|
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Lampungic | |
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Javanese | |
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Madurese | |
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Bali–Sasak –Sumbawa | |
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Celebic | Bungku–Tolaki | |
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Muna–Buton | |
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Saluan–Banggai | |
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Tomini–Tolitoli | |
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Kaili–Wolio * | |
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|
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South Sulawesi | Bugis | |
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Makassaric | |
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Seko | |
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Northern | |
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|
|
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Isolates | |
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| Central Malayo-Polynesian languages |
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Bima | |
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Sumba–Flores | |
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Flores–Lembata | |
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Selaru | |
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Kei–Tanimbar ? | |
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Aru | |
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Timoric * | | Central Timor * | |
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Wetar–Galoli ? | |
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Kawaimina | |
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Luangic–Kisaric ? | |
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Rote–Meto * | |
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Babar | |
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Southwest Maluku | |
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Kowiai ? | |
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Central Maluku * | |
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| Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages |
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SHWNG | | Halmahera Sea | Ambel–Biga | |
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Maya–Matbat | |
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Maden | |
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As | |
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South Halmahera | |
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|
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Cenderawasih | |
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Oceanic | Admiralty | |
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Saint Matthias | |
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Temotu | Utupua | |
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Vanikoro | |
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Reefs–Santa Cruz | |
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Southeast Solomonic | Gela–Guadalcanal | |
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Malaita– San Cristobal | |
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Western Oceanic | Meso– Melanesian | Willaumez | |
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Bali-Vitu | |
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New Ireland– Northwest Solomonic | Tungag–Nalik | |
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Tabar | |
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Madak | |
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St. George | |
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Northwest Solomonic | |
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|
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North New Guinea | Sarmi– Jayapura ? | |
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Schouten | |
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Huon Gulf | |
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Ngero–Vitiaz | |
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|
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Papuan Tip | Nuclear | |
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Kilivila–Misima | |
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Nimoa–Sudest | |
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Southern Oceanic | North Vanuatu | Torres–Banks | |
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Maewo–Ambae– North Pentecost | |
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South Pentecost | |
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Espiritu Santo | |
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Nuclear Southern Oceanic | Central Vanuatu | |
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South Vanuatu | |
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Loyalties– New Caledonia | Loyalty Islands | |
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New Caledonian | |
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Micronesian | |
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Central Pacific | |
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
|
Languages of Indonesia |
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Western languages |
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Malayo-Sumbawan | |
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Javanese | |
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Celebic | |
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Lampungic | |
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Northwest Sumatra– Barrier Islands | |
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South Sulawesi | |
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Barito | |
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Kayan–Murik | |
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Land Dayak | |
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North Bornean | |
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Philippine languages | Central Philippine | |
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Gorontalo-Mongondow | |
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Minahasan | |
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Sangiric | |
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Central-Eastern languages |
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Aru | |
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Central Maluku | |
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Flores–Lembata | |
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Halmahera- Cenderawasih | |
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Kei-Tanimbar | |
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Selaru | |
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Sumba–Flores | |
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Timor–Babar | |
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Western Oceanic | |
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Papuan languages |
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North Halmahera | |
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Timor–Alor–Pantar | |
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Asmat–Mombum | |
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West Bird's Head | |
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South Bird's Head | |
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East Bird's Head | |
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West Bomberai | |
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Dani | |
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Paniai Lakes | |
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Digul River | |
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Foja Range | |
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Lakes Plain | |
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East Cenderawasih Bay | |
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Yawa | |
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Demta–Sentani | |
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Ok | |
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Momuna–Mek | |
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Skou | |
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South Pauwasi | |
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East Pauwasi | |
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West Pauwasi | |
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Kaure–Kosare | |
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Marind–Yaqai | |
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Bulaka River | |
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Kayagar | |
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Border | |
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Senagi | |
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Mairasi | |
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Kolopom | |
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Yam | |
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Lower Mamberamo | |
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Others | |
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Other languages |
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Creoles and Pidgins |
Other creoles and pidgins | |
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|
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Immigrant languages | Chinese | |
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European | |
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Indian | |
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Middle Eastern | |
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Others | |
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|
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Sign languages | |
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На других языках
[de] Pamona
Pamona (auch: Bare'e) ist eine in Zentralsulawesi gesprochene Sprache. Sie gehört zu den malayo-polynesischen Sprachen innerhalb der austronesischen Sprachen.
- [en] Pamona language
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