lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageIsirawa is a Papuan language spoken by about two thousand people on the north coast of Papua province, Indonesia. It's a local trade language, and use is vigorous. Stephen Wurm (1975) linked it to the Kwerba languages within the Trans–New Guinea family, and it does share about 20% of its vocabulary with neighboring Kwerba languages. However, based on its pronouns, Malcolm Ross (2005) felt he could not substantiate such a link, and left it as a language isolate. The pronouns are not, however, dissimilar from those of Orya–Tor, which Ross links to Kwerba, and Donahue (2002) accept it as a Greater Kwerba language.
Kwerbic language spoken in Indonesia
| Isirawa |
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| Native to | Indonesia |
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| Region | Papua |
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Native speakers | 1,800 (2000)[1] |
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Language family | |
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| ISO 639-3 | srl |
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| Glottolog | isir1237 |
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| ELP | Isirawa |
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Locations
In Sarmi Regency, Isirawa is spoken in Amsira, Arabais, Arsania, Kamenawari, Mararena, Martewar, Nisero, Nuerawar, Perkami, Siaratesa, Waim, Wari, and Webro villages.[2]
Grammar
In Isirawa, the feminine gender is associated with big objects, and masculine with small objects; the opposite association is found in Tayap and the Sepik languages, which classify large objects as masculine rather than feminine.[3]
Pronouns
The Isirawa pronouns are,
| I | a-, e |
| we | nen-, ne |
| you | o-, mə |
| all third person | e-, maə, ce, pe |
Ross's reconstructed Orya–Tor pronouns are *ai 'I', *ne 'we' (inclusive), *emei 'thou', *em 'you'.
Isirawa pronoun paradigm as given in Foley (2018):[4]
| pronoun | nominative | accusative | possessive |
| 1s | e | afo | wə |
| 2s | mɪ | ofo | of |
| 3s | | efo | ef |
| 1d | ne | nenfo | nenef |
| 2d | mɪ | ofnafo | ofnaf |
| 3d | | efnafo | efnaf |
| 1p | ne | nenfɪvo | nenfɪ(v) |
| 2p | mɪ | ofɪvo | ofɪ(v) |
| 3p | | efɪvo | efɪ(v) |
References
- Isirawa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Indonesia languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
- Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- Foley, William A. (2018). "The languages of Northwest New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 433–568. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- Clouse, Duane, Mark Donohue and Felix Ma. 2002. "Survey report of the north coast of Irian Jaya."
Languages of Indonesia |
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Western languages |
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| Malayo-Sumbawan | |
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| Javanese | |
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| Celebic | |
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| Lampungic | |
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Northwest Sumatra– Barrier Islands | |
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| South Sulawesi | |
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| Barito | |
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| Kayan–Murik | |
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| Land Dayak | |
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| North Bornean | |
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| Philippine languages | | Central Philippine | |
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| Gorontalo-Mongondow | |
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| Minahasan | |
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| Sangiric | |
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Central-Eastern languages |
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| Aru | |
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| Central Maluku | |
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| Flores–Lembata | |
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Halmahera- Cenderawasih | |
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| Kei-Tanimbar | |
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| Selaru | |
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| Sumba–Flores | |
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| Timor–Babar | |
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| Western Oceanic | |
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Papuan languages |
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| North Halmahera | |
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| Timor–Alor–Pantar | |
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| Asmat–Mombum | |
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| West Bird's Head | |
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| South Bird's Head | |
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| East Bird's Head | |
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| West Bomberai | |
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| Dani | |
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| Paniai Lakes | |
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| Digul River | |
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| Foja Range | |
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| Lakes Plain | |
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| East Cenderawasih Bay | |
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| Yawa | |
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| Demta–Sentani | |
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| Ok | |
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| Momuna–Mek | |
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| Skou | |
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| South Pauwasi | |
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| East Pauwasi | |
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| West Pauwasi | |
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| Kaure–Kosare | |
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| Marind–Yaqai | |
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| Bulaka River | |
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| Kayagar | |
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| Border | |
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| Senagi | |
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| Mairasi | |
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| Kolopom | |
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| Yam | |
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| Lower Mamberamo | |
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| Others | |
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Other languages |
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| Creoles and Pidgins |
| Other creoles and pidgins | |
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| Immigrant languages | | Chinese | |
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| European | |
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| Indian | |
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| Middle Eastern | |
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| Others | |
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| Sign languages | |
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Tor–Kwerba languages (Foja Range) |
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| Orya–Tor | |
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| Kwerbic | |
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| Nimboran | |
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| other | |
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На других языках
- [en] Isirawa language
[fr] Isirawa
L'isirawa est une langue papoue parlée dans la province de Papouasie en Indonésie.
[ru] Исирава (язык)
Исира́ва — (индон. Bahasa Isirawa), также известен под рядом других самоназваний и названий — папуасский язык, использующийся одноимённой народностью, проживающей на северном побережье индонезийской территории острова Новая Гвинея. По состоянию на середину 2000-х годов вопрос классификации исирава в рамках лингвистического деления папуасских языков остаётся спорным. Общее количество носителей на то же время составляет около 2000 человек.
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