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Hatam (also spelled Hattam, Atam) is a divergent language spoken on the island of New Guinea, specifically in the Indonesian province of West Papua.

Hatam
Native toPapua
RegionEastern Bird's Head
Native speakers
(16,000 cited 1993)[1]
Language family
West Papuan
  • East Bird's Head (?)
    • Hatam–Mansim
      • Hatam
Dialects
  • Moi (Moire)
  • Tinam
  • Miriei
  • Adihup
  • Uran
Language codes
ISO 639-3had
Glottologhata1243
ELPHatam
Hatam
Hatam
Hatam
Coordinates: 1.14°S 134.04°E / -1.14; 134.04

Classification


Apart from Mansim (Borai), formerly listed as a dialect, Hatam is not closely related to any other language, and though Ross (2005) tentatively assigned it to the West Papuan languages, based on similarities in pronouns, Ethnologue and Glottolog list it as a language isolate[1] or small independent family.[2]


Distribution


Hatam is spoken on the island of New Guinea in the following regencies in the Indonesian province of West Papua:[3]


Phonology


The phonology of the Hatam language is listed below. In free form, both consonant and vowel phonemes can range to different sounds.[4]

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t c k
voiced b d ɟ ɡ
geminated
Nasal voiced m n ɲ ŋ
geminated
Fricative s h
Liquid ɾ
Semivowel w j
Phoneme Allophones
/p/ [p, pʰ, pɸ, ɸ]
/t/ [t, tʰ]
/c/ [c, cʰ]
/k/ [k, kʰ, kx]
/ɡ/ [ɡ, k, ɡː]
/ɟ/ [ɟ, ɟː]
/d/ [d, t]
/b/ [b, p, bː]
/ɾ/ [ɾ, l, lː]
Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid ɛ ɔ
Open a
Phoneme Allophones
/i/ [i, ɪ, ə]
/ɛ/ [ɛ, e]
/a/ [ä, a, ɐ]
/ɔ/ [ɔ, o]

References


  1. Hatam at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020). "Hatam". Glottolog 4.3.
  3. Ronsumbre, Adolof (2020). Ensiklopedia Suku Bangsa di Provinsi Papua Barat. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kepel Press. ISBN 978-602-356-318-0.
  4. Reesink (1999), pp. 9–13

Further reading





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