lingvo.wikisort.org - Language
Tonsawang, also known as Tombatu,[2] is an Austronesian language of the northern tip of Sulawesi, Indonesia. It belongs to the Minahasan branch of the Philippine languages.[3][4][5]
| Tonsawang | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Northern Sulawesi |
Native speakers | (20,000 cited 1981)[1] |
Language family | |
Writing system | Latin |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tnw |
| Glottolog | tons1239 |
| ELP | Tonsawang |
Location
According to linguist James Sneddon, the language is "one of the most isolated languages", spoken in southeast Minahasa,[6] while linguist Robert Blust situated it, along with the others of the Minahasan group, near Lake Tondano, "in the nothern peninsula of Sulawesi".[7]
Orthography
Alphabet
- a - [ä]
- b - [b]
- e - [ə]
- è - [ɛ]
- g - [g]
- i - [i]
- j - [d͡ʒ]
- k - [k]
- l - [l]
- m - [m]
- n - [n]
- ng - [ŋ]
- o - [o̞]
- p - [p]
- r - [ɾ]
- s - [s]
- t - [t]
- u - [u]
- w - [w]
- ' - [ʔ][8][9]
References
- Tonsawang at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Sneddon, J. N. “The Languages of Minahasa, North Celebes”. In: Oceanic Linguistics 9, no. 1 (1970): 12, 17. https://doi.org/10.2307/3622930.
- Ruhlen, Merritt. "Genetic Classification of the World's Languages" In: A Guide to the World’s Languages. Volume I, Classification. Redwood City: Stanford University Press, 2021 [1987]. p. 342. https://doi-org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/10.1515/9781503621336-015
- Sneddon, J. N. “The Drift Towards Final Open Syllables in Sulawesi Languages”. In: Oceanic Linguistics 32, no. 1 (1993): 8. https://doi.org/10.2307/3623095.
- Adelaar, K. Alexander & Himmelmann, Nikolaus (2005). The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar. London: Routledge.
- Sneddon, J. N. “The Languages of Minahasa, North Celebes”. In: Oceanic Linguistics 9, no. 1 (1970): 17. https://doi.org/10.2307/3622930.
- Blust, Robert. “The Greater Central Philippines Hypothesis”. In: Oceanic Linguistics 30, no. 2 (1991): 85. https://doi.org/10.2307/3623084.
- "Tonsawang language, alphabet, and pronunciation". Omniglot. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
- Sneddon, James N. Proto-Minahasan: phonology, morphology, and wordlist. Canberra: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1978. pp. 5, 54-57.
Further reading
- Brickell, Timothy C. (2018). "Tonsawang (Toundanow), North Sulawesi, Indonesia — Language Contexts". In: Peter K. Austin (ed.). Language Documentation and Description, vol 16. London: EL Publishing. pp. 55-85. ISSN 1740-6234.
- Brickell, Timothy C. (2020). "Language contact in North Sulawesi: Preliminary observations". In: Thomas J. Conners and Atsuko Utsumi, eds. Aspects of regional varieties of Malay. NUSA 68: 159–190. Permanent URL: http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/handle/94893; doi: https://doi.org/10.15026/94893
- Matu, Tania. "Bentuk Permintaan Sopan dalam Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Tonsawang: Suatu Analisis Kontrastif". In: Jurnal Elektronik Fakultas Sastra Universitas Sam Ratulangi Vol 1, No 3 (2018). (Abstract in English).
- Rorong, Ferdy Dj; Lensun, Sherly; Sompotan, Amelia Gladys; Pandi, Helena; Sambeka; Fince Leny; Aror, Susanti. "Tonsawang Language Speech Acts in Traditional Medicine". In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Social Sciences (ICSS 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. pp. 903-907. ISBN 978-94-6252-588-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/icss-18.2018.187.
- Utsumi, Atsuko (2018). The Tonsawang language’s basic morphology and syntactic features. Paper presented at The Fourteenth International Conference of Austronesian Linguistics (14-ICAL). July 17-20. Antananarivo: Universitè di Antananarivo.
External links
- ELAR collection: Tonsawang: a collaborative multimedia project documenting an endangered language of North Sulawesi deposited by Timothy Brickell
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На других языках
[de] Tonsawang
Tonsawang ist eine in Nordsulawesi gesprochene Sprache. Sie gehört zu den philippinischen Sprachen der malayo-polynesischen Sprachen innerhalb der austronesischen Sprachen.- [en] Tonsawang language
[fr] Tonsawang
Le tonsawang (ou tombatu) est une langue austronésienne parlée dans la province du Nord de Sulawesi, en Indonésie. La langue est parlée une région isolée entourée de montagnes dans le Sud-Est de la province[2].Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.
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2019-2025
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