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Cia-Cia (Bahasa Ciacia, 바하사 찌아찌아, بهاس چيا-چيا), also known as Buton or Butonese, is an Austronesian language spoken principally around the city of Baubau on the southern tip of Buton Island off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia.

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Cia-Cia
Butonese
Bahasa Ciacia 바하사 찌아찌아 بهاس چيا-چيا
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Baubau, Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi
Native speakers	79,000 (2005)[1]
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Celebic Muna–Buton Buton Cia-Cia
Writing system	Hangul (present) Latin (present) Gundhul (historical)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	cia
Glottolog	ciac1237
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

In 2009, the language gained international media attention as the city of Baubau was teaching children to read and write Cia-Cia in Hangul, the Korean alphabet, and the mayor consulted the Indonesian government on the possibility of making the writing system official.[2] However, the project encountered difficulties between the city of Baubau, the Hunminjeongeum Society, and the Seoul Metropolitan Government in 2011.[3] The King Sejong Institute which had been established in Baubau in 2011 to teach Hangul to locals abandoned its offices after a year of operation in 2012.[4] As of 2017 it remains in use in schools and on local signs.[5] In 2020, the first Cia-Cia dictionary was announced. Written in Hangul, it is set to be published in 2023.

Demographics

As of 2005 there were 80,000 speakers.[1] Speakers also use Wolio, which is closely related to Cia-Cia, as well as Indonesian, the national language of Indonesia. Wolio is falling into disuse as a written language among the Cia-Cia, as it is written using the Arabic script and Indonesian is now taught in schools with the Latin script.[6]^{[unreliable source?]}

Geographic distribution

Cia-Cia is spoken in Southeast Sulawesi, south Buton Island, Binongko Island, and Batu Atas Island.[1]

According to legend, Cia-Cia speakers on Binonko descend from Butonese troops sent by a Butonese Sultan.[7]

Name

The name of the language comes from the negator cia "no". It is also known as Buton, Butonese, Butung, and in Dutch Boetonees, names it shares with Wolio, and as South Buton or Southern Butung.[1]

Dialects

The language situation on the island of Buton is very complicated and not known in great detail.[8]

Dialects include Kaesabu, Sampolawa (Mambulu-Laporo), Wabula (with its subvarieties), and Masiri.[9] The Masiri dialect shows the greatest amount of vocabulary in common with the standard dialect.[1] The dialect Pedalaman has gh—equivalent to r in other dialects—in native vocabulary, but has r in loan words.[10]^{[page needed]}

Phonology

This section does not cite any sources. (November 2021)

Consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
Stop	voiceless	p	t	t͡ʃ	k		ʔ
	voiced	b	d	d͡ʒ	ɡ
	implosive	ɓ	ɗ
Fricative		β	s				h
Approximant			l
Trill			(r)			(ʁ)

Vowels

	Front	Back
Close	i	u
Mid	e	o
Open	a

Orthography

Cia-Cia was once written in a Jawi-like script, called Gundhul, based on Arabic with five additional consonant letters but no signs for vowels.^{[citation needed]}

The Cia-Cia Latin alphabet[11]

Consonants	g	k	n	d	dh	t	r~gh	l	m	b	v~w	bh	p	s	’	ng	j	c	h
IPA	/ɡ/	/k/	/n/	/ɗ/	/d/	/t/	/r ~ ʁ/	/l/	/m/	/ɓ/	/β/	/b/	/p/	/s/	/ʔ/	/ŋ/	/dʒ/	/tʃ/	/h/
Vowels	a	e	o	u	i
IPA	/a/	/e/	/o/	/u/	/i/

In 2009, residents of the city of Baubau set about adopting Hangul, the script for the Korean language, as their script for writing Cia-Cia.[12] In January 2020, the publication of the first Cia-Cia dictionary in Hangul was announced. Set to take three years to publish, it is expected to cost ₩15,000,000.[13]

The Cia-Cia Hangul alphabet^{[citation needed]}

Consonants	/ɡ/	/k/	/n/	/ɗ/	/d/	/t/	/r/	/l/	/m/	/ɓ/	/β/	/b/	/p/	/s/	/ʔ/	/ŋ/	/dʒ/	/tʃ/	/h/	/ʁ/
Hangul	ㄱ	ㄲ	ㄴ	ㄷ	ㅌ	ㄸ	ㄹ	ᄙ*	ㅁ	ㅂ	ㅸ	ㅍ	ㅃ	ㅅ	ㅡ	ㅇ	ㅈ	ㅉ	ㅎ	ㅋ
Vowels	/a/	/e/	/o/	/u/	/i/	(null)
Hangul	ㅏ	ㅔ	ㅗ	ㅜ	ㅣ	ㅡ

* ᄙ is not a separate letter. The medial /r/ and /l/ are distinguished by writing a single letter (ㄹ) for /r/ and double (ᄙ) for /l/. Double ㄹ must be written in two syllables. The final /l/ is written with a single letter ㄹ; for the final consonant /r/, the null vowel (ㅡ) is added. Null consonant and vowel letters (으) are added for initial /l/.^{[citation needed]}

An example of the Hangul script followed by Latin alphabet and IPA:[14]

Words

The numerals 1–10 are:

Numerals 1–10[15]^{[unreliable source?]}

English	one	two	three	four	five	six	seven	eight	nine	ten
Romanization	dise, ise	rua, ghua	tolu	pa'a	lima	no'o	picu	walu, oalu	siua	ompulu
Hangul[original research]	디세, 이세	루아	똘루	빠아	을리마	노오	삐쭈	ᄫᅡᆯ루, 오알루	시우아	옴뿔루

References

Citations

Sources

• van den Berg, René. 1991. "Preliminary notes on the Cia-Cia language (South Buton)." In Harry A. Poeze and Pim Schoorl (eds.), Excursies in Celebes: Een bundel bijdragen bij het afscheid van J. Noorduyn als directeur-secretaris van het KITLV, 305-24. Leiden: KITLV.
• Mustafa Abdullah. 1985. Struktur bahasa Cia-Cia. Proyek Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah Sulawesi Selatan, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
• Ho-Young Lee, Hyosung Hwang, Abidin. 2009. Bahasa Cia-Cia 1. Hunmin jeongeum Society of Korea.

• Cho Tae-Young. 2012. Cia-Cia Language: From The Era of Oral To The Era of Writing. Humaniora No.3 Vol 24. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/11941-ID-cia-cia-language-from-the-era-of-oral-to-the-era-of-writing.pdf

External links

• Cia-cia: Sampolawa language on Globalrecordings.net
• (in Korean) Interview on the Cia-Cia's adaption of Hangeul

На других языках

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[de] Cia-Cia

Das Cia-Cia ist eine malayo-polynesische Sprache. Sie wird von etwa 79.000 Menschen gesprochen (Stand 2005), die sich auf den Südteil der Insel Buton sowie den vorgelagerten Inseln Binongko und Batu Alas in Indonesien verteilen.[1]

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- [en] Cia-Cia language

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[es] Idioma cia-cia

La lengua cia-cia, también conocida como Buton Occidental o Buton meridional, es una lengua austronesia que se habla principalmente en inmediaciones de la ciudad de Bau-Bau, en el sur de la isla de Buton, cerca de la costa de Célebes, en Indonesia. Hacia el año 2005 había unos 80 000 hablantes (SIL).

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[fr] Cia-cia

Le cia-cia est une langue austronésienne principalement parlée autour de la ville de Bau-Bau, dans le sud de l'île de Buton, au large de Célèbes, en Indonésie. Elle est également parlée sur les îles de Binongko et de Batu Atas. Elle compte environ 79 000 locuteurs[1].

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[it] Lingua cia-cia

La lingua cia-cia (hangŭl: 바하사 찌아찌아, romano: Bahasa Cia-Cia), conosciuta anche come butonese meridionale, è una lingua austronesiana, parlata principalmente nei dintorni di Bau-Bau, città sulla punta meridionale dell'isola di Buton, al largo della più grande isola di Sulawesi.

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[ru] Чиа-чиа

Чиа-чиа (южно-бутунгский, южно-бутонский; латиница Bahasa Ciacia) — австронезийский язык, распространённый вокруг города Бау-бау в Индонезии, на южной оконечности острова Бутунг, расположенного около юго-восточного берега острова Сулавеси.

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