lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageSikaritai (Sikwari) is a Lakes Plain language of Papua, Indonesia. It is named after Sikari village in Rafaer District, Mamberamo Raya Regency. Alternate names are Aikwakai, Araikurioko, Ati, Tori, Tori Aikwakai.
Lakes Plain language spoken in Indonesia
Sikaritai |
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Native to | Indonesia |
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Region | Sikari village in Rafaer District, Mamberamo Raya Regency, Papua |
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Native speakers | (800 cited 1993)[1] |
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Language family | |
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ISO 639-3 | tty |
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Glottolog | sika1263 |
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It is spoken in Haya, Iri, and Sikari villages.[2]
Sikaritai, Obokuitai, and Eritai constitute a dialect cluster.
Phonology
The following discussion is based on Martin (1991).[3]
Consonants
|
Labial |
Coronal |
Velar |
Plosive |
b |
t d |
k kʷ |
Fricative |
ɸ |
s |
|
Semivowel |
w |
|
|
This small consonant inventory is typical of Lakes Plain languages.[4] The complete lack of nasals is also a feature of these languages.
There are however several notable allophonic variants:
- /d/ is realized as [d ~ l] word-initially, [ɾ ~ l] between vowels or following another consonants, and as [d̚] syllable-finally.
- /k/ is realized as [g̚] syllable-finally. When followed by a vowel, the sequence /ik/ is realized as a syllabic fricative [ɣ̩]. The sequence /iko/ further varies with [u.o].
- [ɸ] is in free variation with a glottal fricative [h].
- /s/ is realized as [ʃ] following /k/.
- /i/ before another vowel is realized as either a semivowel [j] or an affricate [dʒ] (the latter when following /k/ or when between two low vowels (/ɛ/ or /a/).
Vowels
Sikaritai has six vowels.
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
High |
i |
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u |
Mid-high |
e |
|
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Mid |
ɛ |
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o |
Low |
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a |
|
Many other Lakes Plain languages have developed a series of extra high "fricativized" vowels from the loss of a final consonant.[4] In Sikaritai the final consonants have been retained; however, extra-high [i] and [u] appear as allophones of /i/ and /u/ before final /g/ and /d/. Martin postulates that Sikaritai is in the process of developing contrastive fricativized vowels as other Lakes Plain languages have done.
Tone
The language has a two-height tone system with H and L tone. More than one tonal element can appear on a single syllable.
Syllables
The syllable template is (C)(C)V(V)(C).
References
- Sikaritai at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Indonesia languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
- Martin, David (1991). "Sikaritai phonology". Workpapers in Indonesian Languages and Cultures. 9: 91–120.
- Clouse, Duane (1997). "Toward a reconstruction and reclassification of the Lakes Plain languages of Irian Jaya". Papers in Papuan Linguistics. 3: 133–236.
Languages of Indonesia |
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Western languages |
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Malayo-Sumbawan | |
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Javanese | |
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Celebic | |
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Lampungic | |
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Northwest Sumatra– Barrier Islands | |
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South Sulawesi | |
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Barito | |
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Kayan–Murik | |
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Land Dayak | |
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North Bornean | |
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Philippine languages | Central Philippine | |
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Gorontalo-Mongondow | |
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Minahasan | |
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Sangiric | |
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Central-Eastern languages |
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Aru | |
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Central Maluku | |
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Flores–Lembata | |
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Halmahera- Cenderawasih | |
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Kei-Tanimbar | |
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Selaru | |
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Sumba–Flores | |
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Timor–Babar | |
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Western Oceanic | |
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Papuan languages |
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North Halmahera | |
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Timor–Alor–Pantar | |
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Asmat–Mombum | |
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West Bird's Head | |
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South Bird's Head | |
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East Bird's Head | |
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West Bomberai | |
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Dani | |
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Paniai Lakes | |
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Digul River | |
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Foja Range | |
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Lakes Plain | |
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East Cenderawasih Bay | |
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Yawa | |
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Demta–Sentani | |
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Ok | |
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Momuna–Mek | |
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Skou | |
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South Pauwasi | |
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East Pauwasi | |
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West Pauwasi | |
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Kaure–Kosare | |
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Marind–Yaqai | |
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Bulaka River | |
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Kayagar | |
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Border | |
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Senagi | |
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Mairasi | |
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Kolopom | |
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Yam | |
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Lower Mamberamo | |
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Others | |
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Other languages |
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Creoles and Pidgins |
Other creoles and pidgins | |
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Immigrant languages | Chinese | |
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European | |
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Indian | |
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Middle Eastern | |
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Others | |
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Sign languages | |
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Lakes Plain languages |
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Tariku | |
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Other | |
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