lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageTotoli (also known as Tolitoli) is a Sulawesi language of the Austronesian language family spoken by 25,000 people of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Austronesian language spoken on Sulawesi, Indonesia
| Totoli |
|---|
| Native to | parts of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia |
|---|
Native speakers | 25,000 (2001)[1] |
|---|
Language family | |
|---|
|
| ISO 639-3 | txe |
|---|
| Glottolog | toto1304 |
|---|
| ELP | Totoli |
|---|
Grammar
Voice
Totoli has a symmetrical voice system.[2] In the examples below, i Winarno mongusut kunji motorna is an actor voice construction, while kunji itu kusuti i Winarno. is an undergoer voice construction.
I Winaro moN-kusut kunji motor=na
HON PN AV-look.for key scooter=3S.GEN
'Winarno is looking for the keys of his scooter.'[2]: 1
kunji itu kusut-i i Winaro
key DIST look.for-UV2 HON PN
'The keys are being looked for by Winarno.'[2]: 1 Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help);
The syntactic pivot can be placed before the predicate, as shown:
gaukan no-gutu ponguman itu
king AV.RLS-make story DIST
'The king made this announcement.'[3]: 142 Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help);
kopi ia ni-pogutu i Andris
coffee PRX RLS(UG)-make PN Andrew
'Andrew made this coffee.'[3]: 143 Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (help);
References
- Totoli at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Riesberg, Sonja (2014). Symmetrical voice and linking in Western Austronesian languages. Walter de Gruyter.
- Adelaar, K. Alexander; Himmelmann, Nikolaus, eds. (2005). The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar.
Celebic languages |
|---|
| Bungku–Tolaki | |
|---|
| Muna–Buton | |
|---|
| Saluan–Banggai | |
|---|
| Tomini–Tolitoli | |
|---|
| Kaili–Wolio * | |
|---|
|
- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
|
Austronesian languages |
|---|
Formosan languages |
|---|
| Rukaic | |
|---|
| Tsouic | |
|---|
| Northern | | Atayalic | |
|---|
Northwest Formosan | |
|---|
|
|---|
| East | |
|---|
| Southern ? | |
|---|
|
|
Malayo–Polynesian |
|---|
Western branches of Malayo–Polynesian |
|---|
Philippine (linkage) ? | | Batanic | |
|---|
| Northern Luzon | | | Cagayan Valley | |
|---|
| Northeastern Luzon | |
|---|
| Meso-Cordilleran | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Central Luzon | |
|---|
| Northern Mindoro | |
|---|
Greater Central Philippine * | | Southern Mindoro | |
|---|
| Central Philippine | | | Bisayan | | West | |
|---|
| Asi | |
|---|
| Central | |
|---|
| Cebuan | |
|---|
| South | |
|---|
|
|
|---|
| Bikol | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Mansakan | |
|---|
| Palawan | |
|---|
| Mindanao | |
|---|
Gorontalo– Mongondow | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Kalamian | |
|---|
| Bilic | |
|---|
| Sangiric | |
|---|
| Minahasan | |
|---|
| Manide–Inagta * | |
|---|
|
|
|---|
| Greater Barito * | |
|---|
Greater North Borneo * | | North Borneo * | | Northeast Sabah * | |
|---|
| Southwest Sabah * | Greater Dusunic * | | Bisaya–Lotud | |
|---|
| Dusunic | |
|---|
| Paitanic | |
|---|
|
|---|
Greater Murutic * | |
|---|
|
|---|
| North Sarawak * | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Central Sarawak | |
|---|
| Kayanic | |
|---|
| Land Dayak | |
|---|
| Malayo–Chamic * | |
|---|
| Sundanese | |
|---|
| Rejang ? | |
|---|
| Moklenic ? | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Sumatran * | Northwest Sumatra –Barrier Islands | |
|---|
|
|
|---|
| Lampungic | |
|---|
| Javanese | |
|---|
| Madurese | |
|---|
Bali–Sasak –Sumbawa | |
|---|
| Celebic | | Bungku–Tolaki | |
|---|
| Muna–Buton | |
|---|
| Saluan–Banggai | |
|---|
| Tomini–Tolitoli | |
|---|
| Kaili–Wolio * | |
|---|
|
|---|
| South Sulawesi | | Bugis | |
|---|
| Makassaric | |
|---|
| Seko | |
|---|
| Northern | |
|---|
|
|
|---|
| Isolates | |
|---|
|
| Central Malayo-Polynesian languages |
|---|
| Bima | |
|---|
| Sumba–Flores | |
|---|
| Flores–Lembata | |
|---|
| Selaru | |
|---|
| Kei–Tanimbar ? | |
|---|
| Aru | |
|---|
| Timoric * | | | Central Timor * | |
|---|
| Wetar–Galoli ? | |
|---|
| Kawaimina | |
|---|
| Luangic–Kisaric ? | |
|---|
| Rote–Meto * | |
|---|
| Babar | |
|---|
| Southwest Maluku | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Kowiai ? | |
|---|
| Central Maluku * | |
|---|
|
| Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages |
|---|
| SHWNG | | | Halmahera Sea | | Ambel–Biga | |
|---|
| Maya–Matbat | |
|---|
| Maden | |
|---|
| As | |
|---|
| South Halmahera | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Cenderawasih | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Oceanic | | Admiralty | |
|---|
| Saint Matthias | |
|---|
| Temotu | | Utupua | |
|---|
| Vanikoro | |
|---|
| Reefs–Santa Cruz | |
|---|
|
|---|
Southeast Solomonic | | Gela–Guadalcanal | |
|---|
Malaita– San Cristobal | |
|---|
|
|---|
Western Oceanic | Meso– Melanesian | | Willaumez | |
|---|
| Bali-Vitu | |
|---|
New Ireland– Northwest Solomonic | | Tungag–Nalik | |
|---|
| Tabar | |
|---|
| Madak | |
|---|
| St. George | |
|---|
Northwest Solomonic | |
|---|
|
|
|---|
|
|---|
North New Guinea | Sarmi– Jayapura ? | |
|---|
| Schouten | |
|---|
| Huon Gulf | |
|---|
| Ngero–Vitiaz | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Papuan Tip | | Nuclear | |
|---|
| Kilivila–Misima | |
|---|
| Nimoa–Sudest | |
|---|
|
|---|
|
|---|
Southern Oceanic | North Vanuatu | | Torres–Banks | |
|---|
Maewo–Ambae– North Pentecost | |
|---|
| South Pentecost | |
|---|
| Espiritu Santo | |
|---|
|
|---|
Nuclear Southern Oceanic | | Central Vanuatu | |
|---|
| South Vanuatu | |
|---|
Loyalties– New Caledonia | | Loyalty Islands | |
|---|
| New Caledonian | |
|---|
|
|---|
|
|---|
|
|---|
| Micronesian | |
|---|
Central Pacific | |
|---|
|
|---|
|
|
|
|
- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
|
Languages of Indonesia |
|---|
Western languages |
|---|
| Malayo-Sumbawan | |
|---|
| Javanese | |
|---|
| Celebic | |
|---|
| Lampungic | |
|---|
Northwest Sumatra– Barrier Islands | |
|---|
| South Sulawesi | |
|---|
| Barito | |
|---|
| Kayan–Murik | |
|---|
| Land Dayak | |
|---|
| North Bornean | |
|---|
| Philippine languages | | Central Philippine | |
|---|
| Gorontalo-Mongondow | |
|---|
| Minahasan | |
|---|
| Sangiric | |
|---|
|
|---|
|
|
Central-Eastern languages |
|---|
| Aru | |
|---|
| Central Maluku | |
|---|
| Flores–Lembata | |
|---|
Halmahera- Cenderawasih | |
|---|
| Kei-Tanimbar | |
|---|
| Selaru | |
|---|
| Sumba–Flores | |
|---|
| Timor–Babar | |
|---|
| Western Oceanic | |
|---|
|
|
Papuan languages |
|---|
| North Halmahera | |
|---|
| Timor–Alor–Pantar | |
|---|
| Asmat–Mombum | |
|---|
| West Bird's Head | |
|---|
| South Bird's Head | |
|---|
| East Bird's Head | |
|---|
| West Bomberai | |
|---|
| Dani | |
|---|
| Paniai Lakes | |
|---|
| Digul River | |
|---|
| Foja Range | |
|---|
| Lakes Plain | |
|---|
| East Cenderawasih Bay | |
|---|
| Yawa | |
|---|
| Demta–Sentani | |
|---|
| Ok | |
|---|
| Momuna–Mek | |
|---|
| Skou | |
|---|
| South Pauwasi | |
|---|
| East Pauwasi | |
|---|
| West Pauwasi | |
|---|
| Kaure–Kosare | |
|---|
| Marind–Yaqai | |
|---|
| Bulaka River | |
|---|
| Kayagar | |
|---|
| Border | |
|---|
| Senagi | |
|---|
| Mairasi | |
|---|
| Kolopom | |
|---|
| Yam | |
|---|
| Lower Mamberamo | |
|---|
| Others | |
|---|
|
|
Other languages |
|---|
| Creoles and Pidgins |
| Other creoles and pidgins | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Immigrant languages | | Chinese | |
|---|
| European | |
|---|
| Indian | |
|---|
| Middle Eastern | |
|---|
| Others | |
|---|
|
|---|
| Sign languages | |
|---|
|
|
На других языках
[de] Tolitoli
Tolitoli oder Tialo ist eine in Zentralsulawesi im Bezirk Toli Toli (Tolitoli Utara, Galang, Baolan und Dondo) gesprochene Sprache. Sie gehört zu den malayo-polynesischen Sprachen innerhalb der austronesischen Sprachen.
- [en] Totoli language
Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.
Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
2019-2026
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии