lingvo.wikisort.org - LanguageSahu (Sa’u, Sahu’u, Sau) is a North Halmahera language. Use is vigorous; dialects are Pa’disua (Palisua), Tala’i, Waioli, and Gamkonora. A fifth dialect, Ibu, used to be spoken near the mouth of the Ibu River.[1]
North Halmahera language spoken in Indonesia
Sahu |
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Native to | Indonesia |
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Region | Halmahera |
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Native speakers | (7500 cited 1987) |
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Language family | |
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Dialects |
- Waioli
- Pa'disua
- Gamkonora
- Tala'i
- Ibu †
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ISO 639-3 | Either:
saj – Sahu
ibu – Ibu |
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Glottolog | sahu1245 Sahu
ibuu1240 Ibu |
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ELP | Ibu |
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Sahu has many Ternate loanwords, a historical legacy of the dominance of the Ternate Sultanate in the Moluccas.[2]
Phonology[3]
Sahu, like other North Halmahera languages, is not a tonal language.
Consonants
Sahu consonant phonemes
|
Labial |
Alveolar |
Palato-alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
Nasal |
m |
n |
|
ɲ |
ŋ |
|
Plosive/Affricate |
voiceless |
p |
t |
tʃ |
|
k |
ʔ |
voiced |
b |
d |
dʒ |
|
ɡ |
|
implosive |
ɓ |
ɗ |
ʄ |
|
ɠ |
|
Fricative |
voiceless |
f |
s |
|
|
|
|
Approximant |
central |
w |
|
|
j |
|
h |
lateral |
|
l |
|
|
|
|
Trill |
|
r |
|
|
|
|
When preceding /a/, /o/, and /u/, the consonants /d/, /ɗ/, and /l/ become retroflex (/ɖ/, /ᶑ/, and /ɭ/, respectively). The trill /r/ alternates freely with /ɾ/, but, according to Visser and Voorhoeve, /r/ is the more usual allophone. The glottal /h/ may be realized as the unvoiced uvular fricative /χ/ by educated speakers for certain words deriving from Arabic.
Vowels
Sahu vowel phonemes
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
High |
i |
|
u |
Mid |
e |
ə |
o |
Low |
|
a |
|
The phoneme /ə/ is only found in loans (primarily from Indonesian).
References
- Visser, L. E. and C.L. Voorhoeve. 1987. Sahu-Indonesian-English Dictionary and Sahu Grammar Sketch. Dordrecht: Foris.
- Holton, Gary; Klamer, Marian (2018). "The Papuan languages of East Nusantara and the Bird's Head". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 569–640. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- Visser, L. E. and C.L. Voorhoeve. 1987. Sahu-Indonesian-English Dictionary and Sahu Grammar Sketch. Dordrecht: Foris.
West Papuan languages |
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West Papuan | West Bird's Head | |
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Central Bird's Head | |
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North Halmahera | Sahu | |
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Galela–Tobelo | |
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Ternate-Tidore | |
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Others | |
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Others | |
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Extended West Papuan | East Bird's Head –Sentani | East Bird's Head | |
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Demta–Sentani | |
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Others | |
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Yawa | |
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Languages of Indonesia |
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Western languages |
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Malayo-Sumbawan | |
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Javanese | |
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Celebic | |
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Lampungic | |
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Northwest Sumatra– Barrier Islands | |
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South Sulawesi | |
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Barito | |
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Kayan–Murik | |
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Land Dayak | |
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North Bornean | |
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Philippine languages | Central Philippine | |
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Gorontalo-Mongondow | |
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Minahasan | |
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Sangiric | |
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Central-Eastern languages |
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Aru | |
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Central Maluku | |
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Flores–Lembata | |
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Halmahera- Cenderawasih | |
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Kei-Tanimbar | |
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Selaru | |
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Sumba–Flores | |
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Timor–Babar | |
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Western Oceanic | |
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|
|
Papuan languages |
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North Halmahera | |
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Timor–Alor–Pantar | |
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Asmat–Mombum | |
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West Bird's Head | |
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South Bird's Head | |
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East Bird's Head | |
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West Bomberai | |
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Dani | |
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Paniai Lakes | |
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Digul River | |
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Foja Range | |
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Lakes Plain | |
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East Cenderawasih Bay | |
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Yawa | |
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Demta–Sentani | |
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Ok | |
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Momuna–Mek | |
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Skou | |
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South Pauwasi | |
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East Pauwasi | |
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West Pauwasi | |
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Kaure–Kosare | |
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Marind–Yaqai | |
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Bulaka River | |
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Kayagar | |
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Border | |
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Senagi | |
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Mairasi | |
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Kolopom | |
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Yam | |
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Lower Mamberamo | |
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Others | |
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Other languages |
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Creoles and Pidgins |
Other creoles and pidgins | |
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|
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Immigrant languages | Chinese | |
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European | |
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Indian | |
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Middle Eastern | |
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Others | |
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Sign languages | |
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На других языках
- [en] Sahu language
[fr] Sahu
Le sahu est une langue papoue parlée en Indonésie dans la péninsule du nord de l'île de Halmahera, dans la province des Moluques du Nord.
[ru] Саху (язык)
Саху — один из западнопапуасских языков, распространён на острове Хальмахера — в о́круге Северный Хальмахера (англ.) (рус. провинции Северное Малуку (Индонезия).
По данным Ethnologue, количество носителей данной группы языков составляло примерно 7500 чел. в 1987 году[1].
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